Smyth Peter P A
aUniversity College Dublin, Dublin bNational University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes. 2016 Oct;23(5):389-93. doi: 10.1097/MED.0000000000000273.
The female predominance of diseases of the thyroid and breast makes difficult the separation of an expected association with a causal linkage. This review will examine recent reports on associations between thyroid disease and breast cancer, comparing them with previous studies, with a view to elucidating what pointers are available to suggest either a common pathogenesis or novel thyroid-related therapeutic approach, which might arise from this association.
Reports on thyroid-breast cancer associations are reviewed under the following headings: breast cancer prevalence in different thyroid disorders and their effect on risk and outcome; the possible role of thyroid autoimmunity, thyroid enlargement, effect of radioactive iodine treatment, role of stable iodine, possible joint antigens sodium iodide transporter and thyroid peroxidase and thyroid-breast cancer coincidence.
Current studies on thyroid and breast cancer associations confirm earlier findings of the lack of definitive evidence of a causal relationship. The predominant relationship continues to be hypothyroidism or autoimmune thyroid disease perhaps contributing to increased breast cancer risk or outcomes. However, despite many studies and the findings of meta-analyses, elucidating the mechanisms underlying the association remains elusive. At present, there is little justification for utilizing thyroid insights as a possible therapeutic intervention in breast cancer.
甲状腺疾病和乳腺疾病在女性中更为常见，这使得区分预期关联与因果联系变得困难。本综述将审视近期关于甲状腺疾病与乳腺癌关联的报告，并与以往研究进行比较，以阐明有哪些线索可提示存在共同发病机制或新的甲状腺相关治疗方法，而这些可能源于这种关联。
关于甲状腺与乳腺癌关联的报告将在以下标题下进行综述：不同甲状腺疾病中的乳腺癌患病率及其对风险和预后的影响；甲状腺自身免疫的可能作用、甲状腺肿大、放射性碘治疗的影响、稳定碘的作用、可能的共同抗原钠碘转运体和甲状腺过氧化物酶以及甲状腺与乳腺癌的巧合。
目前关于甲状腺与乳腺癌关联的研究证实了早期缺乏因果关系的确凿证据的发现。主要关系仍然是甲状腺功能减退或自身免疫性甲状腺疾病可能导致乳腺癌风险或预后增加。然而，尽管有许多研究和荟萃分析的结果，但阐明这种关联背后的机制仍然难以捉摸。目前，几乎没有理由将甲状腺相关见解用作乳腺癌的可能治疗干预手段。
