Zajonc Dirk M
Division of Cell Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
Immunogenetics. 2016 Aug;68(8):561-76. doi: 10.1007/s00251-016-0931-0. Epub 2016 Jul 2.
Class I-like CD1 molecules are in a family of antigen-presenting molecules that bind lipids and lipopeptides, rather than peptides for immune surveillance by T cells. Since CD1 lacks the high degree of polymorphism found in their major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules, different species express different numbers of CD1 isotypes, likely to be able to present structurally diverse classes of lipid antigens. In this review, we will present a historical overview of the structures of the different human CD1 isotypes and also discuss species-specific adaptations of the lipid-binding groove. We will discuss how single amino acid changes alter the shape and volume of the CD1 binding groove, how these minor changes can give rise to different numbers of binding pockets, and how these pockets affect the lipid repertoire that can be presented by any given CD1 protein. We will compare the structures of various lipid antigens and finally, we will discuss recognition of CD1-presented lipid antigens by antigen receptors on T cells (TCRs).
类I型CD1分子属于一类抗原呈递分子家族，它们结合脂质和脂肽，而不是肽，以供T细胞进行免疫监视。由于CD1缺乏在主要组织相容性复合体（MHC）I类分子中发现的高度多态性，不同物种表达不同数量的CD1同种型，这可能使其能够呈递结构多样的脂质抗原类别。在本综述中，我们将对不同人类CD1同种型的结构进行历史概述，并讨论脂质结合槽的物种特异性适应性变化。我们将讨论单个氨基酸变化如何改变CD1结合槽的形状和容积，这些微小变化如何导致不同数量的结合口袋，以及这些口袋如何影响任何给定CD1蛋白能够呈递的脂质种类。我们将比较各种脂质抗原的结构，最后，我们将讨论T细胞上的抗原受体（TCR）对CD1呈递的脂质抗原的识别。
