Saibene F, Cortili G, Roi G, Colombini A
Istituto Tecnologie Biomediche Avanzate, C.N.R., Milano, Italy.
Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. 1989;58(7):791-5. doi: 10.1007/BF00637393.
Oxygen consumption [(VO2) in ml.kg-1.min-1], blood lactate concentration ([La] in mM) and dynamic friction of the skis on snow [(F) in N] were measured in six athletes skiing on a level track at different speeds [(v) in m.min-1] and using different methods of propulsion. The VO2 increased with v and F, the latter depending mostly on snow temperature, as did [La]. The VO2 was very much affected by the skiing technique. Multiple regression equations gave the following results: with diagonal stride (DS), VO2 = -23.09 + 0.189 v + 0.62 N; with double pole (DP), VO2 = -30.95 + 0.192 v + 0.51 N; and with the new skating technique (S), VO2 = -32.63 + 0.171 + 0.68 N. In terms of VO2 DS is the most expensive technique, while S is the least expensive; however, as F increases, S, at the highest speed, tends to cost as much as DP. At speeds from 18 to 22 km.h-1, the speeds measured in the competitions, the F for DS and DP can represent from 10% to 50% of the energy expenditure, with F ranging from 10 to 60 N; with S this range increases to 20%-70%. This seems to depend on the interface between the skis and the snow and on the different ways the poles are used.
对六名运动员在水平赛道上以不同速度（单位：米/分钟）滑行并采用不同推进方式时的耗氧量[单位：毫升·千克⁻¹·分钟⁻¹，(VO₂)]、血乳酸浓度[单位：毫摩尔，(La)]以及滑雪板在雪面上的动摩擦力[单位：牛顿，(F)]进行了测量。VO₂随速度(v)和摩擦力(F)的增加而升高，摩擦力主要取决于雪温，血乳酸浓度(La)也是如此。VO₂受滑雪技术的影响很大。多元回归方程得出以下结果：采用对角步(DS)时，VO₂ = -23.09 + 0.189v + 0.62N；采用双杖(DP)时，VO₂ = -30.95 + 0.192v + 0.51N；采用新的滑行技术(S)时，VO₂ = -32.63 + 0.171 + 0.68N。就VO₂而言，对角步是最耗能的技术，而新的滑行技术是最不耗能的；然而，随着摩擦力(F)的增加，在最高速度时，新的滑行技术的耗能趋于与双杖技术相同。在比赛中测得的18至22千米/小时的速度下，对角步和双杖技术的摩擦力(F)占能量消耗的10%至50%，摩擦力范围为10至60牛顿；对于新的滑行技术，这一范围增加到20% - 70%。这似乎取决于滑雪板与雪之间的界面以及使用滑雪杖的不同方式。
