Kappus Matthew R, Mendoza Mardeli Saire, Nguyen Douglas, Medici Valentina, McClave Stephen A
Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, DUMS 03142, Orange Zone, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
Department of Medicine, Ochsner Clinic, New Orleans, LA, USA.
Curr Gastroenterol Rep. 2016 Aug;18(8):43. doi: 10.1007/s11894-016-0516-y.
Sarcopenia, a loss of muscle mass, is being increasingly recognized to have a deleterious effect on outcomes in patients with chronic liver disease. Factors related to diet and the inflammatory nature of chronic liver disease contribute to the occurrence of sarcopenia in these patients. Sarcopenia adversely influences quality of life, performance, morbidity, success of transplantation, and even mortality. Specific deficiencies in macronutrients (protein, polyunsaturated fatty acids) and micronutrients (vitamins C, D, and E, carotenoids, and selenium) have been linked to sarcopenia. Lessons learned from nutritional therapy in geriatric patient populations may provide strategies to manage sarcopenia in patients with liver disease. Combining diet modification and nutrient supplementation with an organized program of exercise may help ameliorate or even reverse the effects of sarcopenia on an already complex disease process.
肌肉减少症，即肌肉质量的丧失，越来越被认为会对慢性肝病患者的预后产生有害影响。与饮食以及慢性肝病的炎症性质相关的因素导致了这些患者发生肌肉减少症。肌肉减少症会对生活质量、身体机能、发病率、移植成功率甚至死亡率产生不利影响。大量营养素（蛋白质、多不饱和脂肪酸）和微量营养素（维生素C、D和E、类胡萝卜素以及硒）的特定缺乏与肌肉减少症有关。从老年患者群体的营养治疗中吸取的经验教训可能为管理肝病患者的肌肉减少症提供策略。将饮食调整和营养补充与有组织的运动计划相结合，可能有助于改善甚至逆转肌肉减少症对已然复杂的疾病进程所产生的影响。
