Matsui Masafumi, Kuraishi Norihiro, Eto Koshiro, Hamidy Amir, Nishikawa Kanto, Shimada Tomohiko, Yambun Paul, Vairappan Charles Santhanaraju, Hossman Mohamad Yazid Bin
Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Nihonmatsu, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
Nagano Prefectural Ueda Senior High School, Ote-1, Ueda, Nagano 386-8715, Japan.
Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2016 Sep;102:305-19. doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2016.06.009. Epub 2016 Jun 29.
A fanged frog Limnonectes kuhlii was once thought to be wide-ranging in Southeast Asia, but is now confined to its type locality Java through recent phylogenetic studies, which clarified heterospecific status of non-Javanese populations, and monophyly of Bornean populations. However, large genetic differences among Bornean populations suggest occurrence of cryptic species, which we test using dense geographic sampling. We estimated the phylogenetic relationships among samples of Bornean populations together with their putative relatives from the continental Southeast Asia, using 2517bp sequences of the 12S rRNA, tRNA(val), and 16S rRNA of mitochondrial DNA, and 2367bp sequences of the NCX1, POMC, and RAG1 of nuclear genes. In the mtDNA trees, Bornean L. kuhlii-like frogs formed a monophyletic group split into 18 species lineages including L. hikidai, with the deepest phylogenetic split separating L. cintalubang from the remaining species. Almost all of these lineages co-occur geographically, and two to three lineages were found syntopically in each locality. Co-occurrence of more than one lineage may be maintained by differential morphology and microhabitat selection. These syntopic lineages should be regarded as distinct species. Our results clearly indicate that taxonomic revision is urgent to clarify many evolutionary problems of Bornean L. kuhlii-like frogs.
一种长有獠牙的青蛙——库氏溪蟾（Limnonectes kuhlii），曾被认为在东南亚分布广泛，但通过近期的系统发育研究发现，它现在仅局限于其模式产地爪哇岛。这些研究明确了非爪哇岛种群的异名地位以及婆罗洲种群的单系性。然而，婆罗洲种群之间存在较大的遗传差异，这表明可能存在隐存种，我们通过密集的地理采样对此进行了检验。我们利用线粒体DNA的12S rRNA、tRNA（val）和16S rRNA的2517bp序列，以及核基因的NCX1、POMC和RAG1的2367bp序列，估计了婆罗洲种群样本与其来自东南亚大陆的假定近缘种之间的系统发育关系。在mtDNA树中，婆罗洲类似库氏溪蟾的青蛙形成了一个单系群，分为18个物种谱系，包括日出溪蟾（L. hikidai），最深的系统发育分支将辛塔卢布溪蟾（L. cintalubang）与其余物种分开。几乎所有这些谱系在地理上共存，并且在每个地点发现有两到三个谱系同域分布。多个谱系的同域分布可能通过不同的形态和微生境选择得以维持。这些同域谱系应被视为不同的物种。我们的结果清楚地表明，迫切需要进行分类修订，以阐明婆罗洲类似库氏溪蟾青蛙的许多进化问题。
