Davidson C
St George's University of London, London, United Kingdom.
East Asian Arch Psychiatry. 2016 Jun;26(2):52-9.
The abuse of stimulants such as cocaine, amphetamine, and methamphetamine is a huge problem in many parts of the world. Abuse of these drugs does not ruin just the user's life, but also adversely affects those around them. Despite many years of research, there are no approved medications for stimulant dependence, and treatment is focused on psychotherapy and abstinence. Over the last 10 to 20 years, there have been some major changes in approach to medication development for stimulant dependence. These include assessing ligands for non-dopaminergic sites, atypical dopamine transporter ligands, blocking long-term potentiation and / or memory reconsolidation, vaccines against the stimulant, and molecular approaches including pharmacogenomics and gene silencing. Also included in this overview are non-drug treatments such as deep brain stimulation and psychosurgery. This overview highlights recent preclinical and clinical studies of treatment development for stimulant dependence.
可卡因、苯丙胺和甲基苯丙胺等兴奋剂的滥用在世界许多地区都是一个巨大的问题。滥用这些药物不仅会毁掉使用者的生活，还会对其周围的人产生不利影响。尽管经过多年研究，但目前尚无获批用于治疗兴奋剂成瘾的药物，治疗主要集中在心理治疗和戒除方面。在过去10到20年里，针对兴奋剂成瘾的药物研发方法发生了一些重大变化。这些变化包括评估非多巴胺能位点的配体、非典型多巴胺转运体配体、阻断长期增强和/或记忆再巩固、针对兴奋剂的疫苗，以及包括药物基因组学和基因沉默在内的分子方法。本综述还包括深部脑刺激和精神外科等非药物治疗方法。本综述重点介绍了近期关于兴奋剂成瘾治疗研发的临床前和临床研究。
