Jackson Nicki, Denny Simon, Sheridan Janie, Zhao Jinfeng, Ameratunga Shanthi
Section of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population Health, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.
Department of Paediatrics: Child and Youth Health, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand.
Prev Sci. 2016 Oct;17(7):841-51. doi: 10.1007/s11121-016-0677-9.
Identifying neighborhood typologies associated with adolescent alcohol use can inform the development of harm reduction strategies. Utilizing data from a nationally representative youth survey (n = 4267) in New Zealand, latent class analysis was used to categorize neighborhood types (defined by 10 demographic, social and environmental indicators) to investigate their association with alcohol consumption and related harm. Three neighborhood types were distinguished: (1) "high outlet density and economic deprivation" (30 % of all neighborhoods); (2) "high deprivation, social disorganization, and unsafe" (38 %); and (3) "higher income, safe, and socially organized" (32 %). Significant ethnic variation was evident between neighborhood types. There was an age-group interaction in the main effects with significant associations between neighborhood type and drinking measures and harm most apparent among younger adolescents (<16 years), as described next. Compared to students residing in "higher income, safe, and socially organized" neighborhoods, the frequency of binge drinking and high typical consumption was significantly higher in students residing in "high outlet density and economic deprivation" and "high deprivation, social disorganization, and unsafe", with students residing in "high outlet density and economic deprivation" also experiencing higher levels of alcohol-related harm. The findings that neighborhoods characterized by high deprivation and alcohol outlet density and low social organization and perceptions of safety were associated with risky drinking patterns and harm, specifically among young adolescents, underscores the importance of adopting a developmental approach to the study of contextual effects on adolescents.
识别与青少年饮酒相关的社区类型可以为减少伤害策略的制定提供信息。利用来自新西兰一项具有全国代表性的青年调查（n = 4267）的数据，采用潜在类别分析对社区类型进行分类（由10个人口、社会和环境指标定义），以调查它们与酒精消费及相关危害的关联。区分出了三种社区类型：（1）“高店铺密度和经济贫困”（占所有社区的30%）；（2）“高贫困、社会无序和不安全”（38%）；以及（3）“高收入、安全和社会组织良好”（32%）。社区类型之间存在明显的种族差异。在主要影响因素中存在年龄组交互作用，社区类型与饮酒量及危害之间的显著关联在较年轻的青少年（<16岁）中最为明显，如下所述。与居住在“高收入、安全和社会组织良好”社区的学生相比，居住在“高店铺密度和经济贫困”以及“高贫困、社会无序和不安全”社区的学生暴饮和高典型饮酒量的频率显著更高，居住在“高店铺密度和经济贫困”社区的学生还经历了更高水平的酒精相关危害。以高贫困、酒精店铺密度以及低社会组织和安全感为特征的社区与危险饮酒模式及危害相关，特别是在年轻青少年中，这一发现强调了采用发展方法研究情境对青少年影响的重要性。
