Ayeka Peter Amwoga, Bian Yuhong, Mwitari Peter Githaiga, Chu Xiaoqian, Zhang Yanjun, Uzayisenga Rosette, Otachi Elick Onyango
Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshan Western Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300193, People's Republic of China.
Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Egerton University, PO BOX 536-20115, Egerton, Kenya.
BMC Complement Altern Med. 2016 Jul 11;16:206. doi: 10.1186/s12906-016-1171-4.
BACKGROUND: Chinese licorice, (Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.) is one of the commonly prescribed herbs in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). Gancao, as commonly known in China, is associated with immune-modulating and anti-tumor potential though the mechanism of action is not well known. In this study, we investigated the in vitro immunomodulatory and antitumor potential of Glycyrrhiza uralensis polysaccharides fractions of high molecular weight (fraction A), low molecular weight (fraction B) and crude extract (fraction C). METHODS: Cell proliferation and cytotoxicity was investigated using Cell Counting kit 8 (CCK-8) on Intestinal epithelial cell line (IEC-6) and Colon carcinoma cell line (CT-26). IL-7 gene expression relative to GAPDH was analysed using Real time PCR. The stimulation and viability of T lymphocytes was determined by Trypan blue exclusion assay. RESULTS: G.uralensis polysaccharides did not inhibit proliferation of IEC-6 cells even at high concentration. The ED50 was found to be 100 μg/ml. On the other hand, the polysaccharides inhibited the proliferation of cancer cells (CT-26) at a concentration of ≤50 μg/ml. Within 72 h of treatment with the polysaccharides, expression of IL-7 gene was up-regulated over 2 times. It was also noted that, IEC-6 cells secrete IL-7 cytokine into media when treated with G.uralensis polysaccharides. The secreted IL-7 stimulated proliferation of freshly isolated T lymphocytes within 6 h. The effect of the polysaccharides were found to be molecular weight depended, with low molecular weight having a profound effect compared to high molecular weight and total crude extract. CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that G.uralensis polysaccharides especially those of low molecular weight have a potential as anticancer agents. Of great importance, is the ability of the polysaccharides to up-regulate anticancer cytokine IL-7, which is important in proliferation and maturation of immune cells and it is associated with better prognosis in cancer. Therefore, immunomodulation is a possible mode of action of the polysaccharides in cancer therapy.
背景：甘草（Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.）是中药中常用的草药之一。在中国俗称甘草，尽管其作用机制尚不清楚，但它具有免疫调节和抗肿瘤潜力。在本研究中，我们研究了甘草高分子量多糖组分（组分A）、低分子量多糖组分（组分B）和粗提物（组分C）的体外免疫调节和抗肿瘤潜力。 方法：使用细胞计数试剂盒8（CCK-8）对肠上皮细胞系（IEC-6）和结肠癌细胞系（CT-26）进行细胞增殖和细胞毒性研究。使用实时PCR分析相对于甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶（GAPDH）的白细胞介素-7（IL-7）基因表达。通过台盼蓝排斥试验测定T淋巴细胞的刺激和活力。 结果：甘草多糖即使在高浓度下也不抑制IEC-6细胞的增殖。半数有效剂量（ED50）为100μg/ml。另一方面，多糖在浓度≤50μg/ml时抑制癌细胞（CT-26）的增殖。在用多糖处理72小时内，IL-7基因的表达上调了2倍以上。还注意到，当用甘草多糖处理时，IEC-6细胞将IL-7细胞因子分泌到培养基中。分泌的IL-7在6小时内刺激新鲜分离的T淋巴细胞增殖。发现多糖的作用取决于分子量，与高分子量多糖和总粗提物相比，低分子量多糖具有更显著的作用。 结论：我们的研究结果表明，甘草多糖尤其是低分子量的甘草多糖具有作为抗癌剂的潜力。非常重要的是，多糖上调抗癌细胞因子IL-7的能力，IL-7在免疫细胞的增殖和成熟中起重要作用，并且与癌症的较好预后相关。因此，免疫调节是多糖在癌症治疗中的一种可能作用方式。
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