Gavito-Higuera Jose, Mullins Carola Birgit, Ramos-Duran Luis, Olivas Chacon Cristina Ivette, Hakim Nawar, Palacios Enrique
Department of Radiology, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, El Paso, TX 79905, USA.
Department of Pathology, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, El Paso, TX 79905, USA.
J Clin Imaging Sci. 2016 Jun 17;6:24. doi: 10.4103/2156-7514.184244. eCollection 2016.
Fungal infections of the central nervous system (CNS) pose a threat to especially immunocompromised patients and their development is primarily determined by the immune status of the host. With an increasing number of organ transplants, chemotherapy, and human immunodeficiency virus infections, the number of immunocompromised patients as susceptible hosts is growing and fungal infections of the CNS are more frequently encountered. They may result in meningitis, cerebritis, abscess formation, cryptococcoma, and meningeal vasculitis with rapid disease progression and often overlapping symptoms. Although radiological characteristics are often nonspecific, unique imaging patterns can be identified through computer tomography as a first imaging modality and further refined by magnetic resonance imaging. A rapid diagnosis and the institution of the appropriate therapy are crucial in helping prevent an often fatal outcome.
中枢神经系统（CNS）真菌感染对免疫功能低下的患者构成威胁，其发病主要取决于宿主的免疫状态。随着器官移植、化疗及人类免疫缺陷病毒感染病例的增多，作为易感宿主的免疫功能低下患者数量不断增加，中枢神经系统真菌感染也更为常见。它们可能导致脑膜炎、脑炎、脓肿形成、隐球菌瘤及脑膜血管炎，疾病进展迅速且症状常相互重叠。尽管影像学特征通常不具有特异性，但计算机断层扫描作为首选成像方式可识别出独特的影像模式，磁共振成像则可进一步完善。快速诊断并采取恰当治疗对于预防往往致命的后果至关重要。
