Duong Michael Tran, Rudie Jeffrey D, Mohan Suyash
Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Department of Radiology, Scripps Clinic and University of California San Diego, 10666 Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
Neuroimaging Clin N Am. 2023 Feb;33(1):11-41. doi: 10.1016/j.nic.2022.07.001.
Neuroimaging provides rapid, noninvasive visualization of central nervous system infections for optimal diagnosis and management. Generalizable and characteristic imaging patterns help radiologists distinguish different types of intracranial infections including meningitis and cerebritis from a variety of bacterial, viral, fungal, and/or parasitic causes. Here, we describe key radiologic patterns of meningeal enhancement and diffusion restriction through profiles of meningitis, cerebritis, abscess, and ventriculitis. We discuss various imaging modalities and recent diagnostic advances such as deep learning through a survey of intracranial pathogens and their radiographic findings. Moreover, we explore critical complications and differential diagnoses of intracranial infections.
神经影像学能够快速、无创地显示中枢神经系统感染情况,以实现最佳诊断和管理。具有普遍性和特征性的影像学表现有助于放射科医生区分不同类型的颅内感染,包括由各种细菌、病毒、真菌和/或寄生虫引起的脑膜炎和脑炎。在此,我们通过脑膜炎、脑炎、脑脓肿和脑室炎的病例,描述脑膜强化和弥散受限的关键影像学表现。我们通过对颅内病原体及其影像学表现的综述,讨论各种成像方式和近期的诊断进展,如深度学习。此外,我们还探讨了颅内感染的关键并发症和鉴别诊断。