Ortega-García Juan Antonio, Olano-Soler Henry Andrés, Martínez-Álvarez Ana, Campillo-López Ferran, Gomariz-Peñalver Virtudes, Mendiola-Olivares Jaime, Iglesias-Gómez Carlos, Escribano-Muñoz Arancha
1 Pediatric Environmental Health Speciality Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Biomedical Research, IMIB-Arrixaca, Hospital Clinical University Virgen of Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain .
2 Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Universitario La Paz , Madrid, Spain .
Breastfeed Med. 2016 Sep;11(7):350-5. doi: 10.1089/bfm.2016.0034. Epub 2016 Jul 12.
The anogenital distance (AGD) is an anthropometric marker determined by exposures to androgens in utero and throughout the first few months of life. Early exposures to endocrine-disrupting chemicals such as phthalates have been significantly associated with shortened AGD in boys. Limited studies have explored phthalate concentrations in breast milk and infant formula.
To explore the associations between breastfeeding duration and AGD measures in infants.
MALAMA (Medio Ambiente y Lactancia Materna) is a follow-up study of 430 mother-child pairs, from birth to 2 years, from two population-based cohorts in Murcia, Spain. Data were collected through medical visits and telephone surveys from birth to 2 years of age. World Health Organization breastfeeding definitions were used. AGD measurements were assessed in a subsample of 71 boys and 49 girls at the 2-year visit. Descriptive analyses, Pearson correlations, and linear regressions were calculated between AGD and breastfeeding duration.
Duration of all types of breastfeeding, especially full breastfeeding (FB), is correlated with AGD measures in boys (p < 0.05). AGDAS (anoscrotal distance) and AGDAP (anopenile distance) were positively associated with FB (β = 0.004, 95%CI: 0.001-0.007 and β = 0.003, 95%CI: 0.000-0.007, respectively).
A positive correlation between AGD in male infants and the duration of breastfeeding is reported. Inversely, early introduction of infant formula could lead to the reduction of AGD in boys.
肛殖距（AGD）是一种人体测量指标，由子宫内及生命最初几个月接触雄激素所决定。早期接触邻苯二甲酸盐等内分泌干扰化学物质与男孩AGD缩短显著相关。关于母乳和婴儿配方奶粉中邻苯二甲酸盐浓度的研究有限。
探讨母乳喂养持续时间与婴儿AGD指标之间的关联。
MALAMA（环境与母乳喂养）是一项对西班牙穆尔西亚两个基于人群的队列中430对母婴进行的随访研究，从出生至2岁。数据通过从出生到2岁的门诊和电话调查收集。采用世界卫生组织的母乳喂养定义。在2岁访视时，对71名男孩和49名女孩的子样本进行AGD测量。计算AGD与母乳喂养持续时间之间的描述性分析、Pearson相关性和线性回归。
各类母乳喂养的持续时间，尤其是纯母乳喂养（FB），与男孩的AGD指标相关（p < 0.05）。肛门阴囊距离（AGDAS）和肛门阴茎距离（AGDAP）与纯母乳喂养呈正相关（β = 0.004，95%CI：0.001 - 0.007；β = 0.003，95%CI：0.000 - 0.007）。
报告了男婴AGD与母乳喂养持续时间之间存在正相关。相反，过早引入婴儿配方奶粉可能导致男孩AGD降低。
