Mukhtar M Shahid, McCormack Maggie E, Argueso Cristiana T, Pajerowska-Mukhtar Karolina M
Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
Curr Biol. 2016 Jul 11;26(13):R608-R619. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2016.02.051.
Cell death is a vital process for multicellular organisms. Programmed cell death (PCD) functions in a variety of processes including growth, development, and immune responses for homeostasis maintenance. In particular, plants and animals utilize PCD to control pathogen invasion and infected cell populations. Despite some similarity, there are a number of key differences between how these organisms initiate and regulate cell death. In contrast to animals, plants are sessile, lack a circulatory system, and have additional cellular structures, including cell walls and chloroplasts. Plant cells have the autonomous ability to induce localized cell death using conserved eukaryotic pathways as well as unique plant-specific pathways. Thus, in order to successfully infect host cells, pathogens must subvert immune responses and avoid detection to prevent PCD and allow infection. Here we discuss the roles of cell death in plant immune responses and the tactics pathogens utilize to avert cell death.
细胞死亡是多细胞生物的一个重要过程。程序性细胞死亡（PCD）在包括生长、发育和免疫反应等多种过程中发挥作用，以维持体内平衡。特别是，植物和动物利用PCD来控制病原体入侵和受感染的细胞群体。尽管存在一些相似之处，但这些生物体启动和调节细胞死亡的方式存在许多关键差异。与动物不同，植物固着生长，缺乏循环系统，并且具有包括细胞壁和叶绿体在内的额外细胞结构。植物细胞具有利用保守的真核生物途径以及独特的植物特异性途径诱导局部细胞死亡的自主能力。因此，为了成功感染宿主细胞，病原体必须破坏免疫反应并避免被检测到，以防止PCD并实现感染。在这里，我们讨论细胞死亡在植物免疫反应中的作用以及病原体用于避免细胞死亡的策略。
