From the Department of Psychology (R.B., J.K.) and Department of Teacher Education & Centre for Learning Research (L.H.), University of Turku, Assistentinkatu 7, Turku 20014, Finland; Department of Diagnostic Radiology, HUS Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (F.B., E.L., N.L.); and Department of Radiology, Turku University Central Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (P.N.).
Radiology. 2016 Dec;281(3):805-815. doi: 10.1148/radiol.2016151255. Epub 2016 Jul 13.
Purpose To establish potential markers of visual expertise in eye movement (EM) patterns of early residents, advanced residents, and specialists who interpret abdominal computed tomography (CT) studies. Materials and Methods The institutional review board approved use of anonymized CT studies as research materials and to obtain anonymized eye-tracking data from volunteers. Participants gave written informed consent. Early residents (n = 15), advanced residents (n = 14), and specialists (n = 12) viewed 26 abdominal CT studies as a sequence of images at either 3 or 5 frames per second while EMs were recorded. Data were analyzed by using linear mixed-effects models. Results Early residents' detection rate decreased with working hours (odds ratio, 0.81; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.73, 0.91; P = .001). They detected less of the low visual contrast (but not of the high visual contrast) lesions (45% [13 of 29]) than did specialists (62% [18 of 29]) (odds ratio, 0.39; 95% CI: 0.25, 0.61; P < .001) or advanced residents (56% [16 of 29]) (odds ratio, 0.55; 95% CI: 0.33, 0.93; P = .024). Specialists and advanced residents had longer fixation durations at 5 than at 3 frames per second (specialists: β = .01; 95% CI: .004, .026; P = .008; advanced residents: β = .04; 95% CI: .03, .05; P < .001). In the presence of lesions, saccade lengths of specialists shortened more than those of advanced (β = .02; 95% CI: .007, .04; P = .003) and of early residents (β = .02; 95% CI: .008, 0.04; P = .003). Irrespective of expertise, high detection rate correlated with greater reduction of saccade length in the presence of lesions (β = -.10; 95% CI: -.16, -.04; P = .002) and greater increase at higher presentation speed (β = .11; 95% CI: .04, .17; P = .001). Conclusion Expertise in CT reading is characterized by greater adaptivity in EM patterns in response to the demands of the task and environment. RSNA, 2016 Online supplemental material is available for this article.
目的 旨在确定在解读腹部计算机断层扫描（CT）研究的早期住院医师、高年住院医师和专家的眼动（EM）模式中视觉专长的潜在标志物。
材料与方法 机构审查委员会批准使用匿名 CT 研究作为研究材料，并从志愿者那里获得匿名的眼动追踪数据。参与者提供了书面知情同意书。15 名早期住院医师、14 名高年住院医师和 12 名专家以 3 或 5 帧/秒的速度观看 26 个腹部 CT 研究序列，同时记录 EM。使用线性混合效应模型分析数据。
结果 与工作时间相比，早期住院医师的检测率降低（比值比，0.81；95%置信区间[CI]：0.73，0.91；P =.001）。他们检测到的低视觉对比度（但不是高视觉对比度）病变较少（45%[29 个中的 13 个]），而不是专家（62%[29 个中的 18 个]）（比值比，0.39；95%CI：0.25，0.61；P <.001）或高年住院医师（56%[29 个中的 16 个]）（比值比，0.55；95%CI：0.33，0.93；P =.024）。专家和高年住院医师在 5 帧/秒时的注视持续时间长于 3 帧/秒（专家：β=0.01；95%CI：0.004，0.026；P =.008；高年住院医师：β=0.04；95%CI：0.03，0.05；P <.001）。在存在病变的情况下，专家的眼跳长度缩短幅度大于高年住院医师（β=0.02；95%CI：0.007，0.04；P =.003）和早期住院医师（β=0.02；95%CI：0.008，0.04；P =.003）。无论专业水平如何，高检测率与病变存在时眼跳长度的较大降低（β=-0.10；95%CI：-0.16，-0.04；P =.002）和更高呈现速度时的较大增加（β=0.11；95%CI：0.04，0.17；P =.001）相关。
结论 CT 阅读方面的专业知识的特点是在 EM 模式方面具有更大的适应性，以响应任务和环境的需求。
