Ossana N A, Eissa B L, Baudou F G, Castañé P M, Soloneski S, Ferrari L
Department of Basic Sciences and Institute of Ecology and Sustainable Development (PRODEA-INEDES), National University of Lujan, P.O. Box 221, B6700ZBA Luján, Argentina; National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Rivadavia 1917, C1033AAJ Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Department of Basic Sciences and Institute of Ecology and Sustainable Development (PRODEA-INEDES), National University of Lujan, P.O. Box 221, B6700ZBA Luján, Argentina.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2016 Nov;133:73-81. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.06.046. Epub 2016 Jul 11.
The aim of this paper is to assess the water quality to chemical pollution at Roggero Dam, the headwater of the Reconquista river, and to perform a Cadmium (Cd) contamination pulse simulation through a wide battery of biomarkers which included: genotoxicity and enzymatic biomarker parameters on a neotropical teleost fish namely Cnesterodon decemmaculatus. Water samples were taken in order to determine the river's physicochemical profile. An integrative approach was applied using a biomarker index. The bioassay involved the use of laboratory culture adult animals, acclimatized in moderately hard water (MHW) and fed ad libitum. A semi-static 96h bioassay was conducted and the experimental groups were as follows: [1] river water (Rg); [2] river water + 2mg/L Cd (RgCd); [3] MHW + 2mg/L Cadmium (Cd), positive metal control; [4] MHW + 5mg/L Cyclophosphamide (positive genotoxicity control -CP); [5] MWH, negative control (NC). At the end of the exposure time fishes were sectioned and the following biomarkers were determined: 1) condition factor rate (CF); 2) for the anterior section (A) (head): glutathione (GSH) and protein (Pr) content; 3) for the body midsection (M) (viscera): Pr, GSH, Glutathione-S-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Blood samples were also taken from the fish specimens to estimate the frequency of micronuclei (MN) as well as other nuclear abnormalities (NA). The physicochemical profile of the river water sample indicated high Copper concentrations. CAT and SOD activity and total Pr content did not show any significant changes. GST activity decreased in fish exposed to Rg, while GSH content decreased significantly for all treatments compared to controls in MHW. These results would seem to point to a reduction in cell defense capability as a result of the depletion antioxidants such as GSH. The NA frequency increased significantly in all treated groups while MN frequency was increased only in Cd and CP groups. Using some the biomarkers measured, a biomarker index was estimated which revealed that fish exposed to Rg were 90% affected or highly affected, while those exposed to RgCd were 80% and Cd 68% affected or highly affected. The obtained results indicate the usefulness of the use of a battery of variables by means of the biomarker index to analyze water quality.
本文旨在评估雷孔基斯塔河源头罗赫罗大坝的水质化学污染情况，并通过一系列生物标志物对镉（Cd）污染脉冲进行模拟，这些生物标志物包括：对一种新热带硬骨鱼即十斑丽脂鲤的遗传毒性和酶生物标志物参数。采集水样以确定河流的理化特征。采用生物标志物指数应用综合方法。生物测定涉及使用在中等硬度水（MHW）中适应并随意喂食的实验室养殖成年动物。进行了为期96小时的半静态生物测定，实验组如下：[1]河水（Rg）；[2]河水+2mg/L Cd（RgCd）；[3]MHW + 2mg/L镉（Cd），阳性金属对照；[4]MHW + 5mg/L环磷酰胺（阳性遗传毒性对照 - CP）；[5]MWH，阴性对照（NC）。在暴露时间结束时，将鱼解剖并测定以下生物标志物：1）条件因子率（CF）；2）前部（A）（头部）：谷胱甘肽（GSH）和蛋白质（Pr）含量；3）身体中部（M）（内脏）：Pr、GSH、谷胱甘肽 - S - 转移酶（GST）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）。还从鱼标本中采集血样以估计微核（MN）频率以及其他核异常（NA）。河水水样的理化特征表明铜浓度较高。CAT和SOD活性以及总Pr含量未显示任何显著变化。暴露于Rg的鱼中GST活性降低，而与MHW中的对照组相比，所有处理组的GSH含量均显著降低。这些结果似乎表明由于GSH等抗氧化剂的消耗，细胞防御能力下降。所有处理组的NA频率均显著增加，而仅Cd和CP组的MN频率增加。使用所测量的一些生物标志物，估计了一个生物标志物指数，该指数显示暴露于Rg的鱼有90%受到影响或高度受影响，而暴露于RgCd的鱼有80%，暴露于Cd的鱼有68%受到影响或高度受影响。所得结果表明通过生物标志物指数使用一系列变量来分析水质是有用的。
