De Francesco Francesco, Romano Maurizio, Zarantonello Laura, Ruffolo Cesare, Neri Daniele, Bassi Nicolò, Giordano Antonio, Zanus Giacomo, Ferraro Giuseppe A, Cillo Umberto
a Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgery and Dental Specialties , School of Medicine and Surgery, Second University of Naples , Italy.
b Department of Surgery , Oncology and Gastroenterology, Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Padua University Hospital , Padua , Italy.
Cancer Biol Ther. 2016 Sep;17(9):889-98. doi: 10.1080/15384047.2016.1210741. Epub 2016 Jul 14.
Inflammatory bowel diseases are an increasing phenomenon in western countries and in growing populations. The physiopathology of these conditions is linked to intestinal stem cells homeostasis and regenerative potential in a chronic inflammatory microenvironment. Patients with IBD present an increased risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC), or colitis associated cancer (CAC). Conventional treatment for IBD target the inflammatory process (and include anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive drugs) with biological agents emerging as a therapeutic approach for non-responders to traditional therapy. Conventional treatment provides scarce results and present severe complications. The intestinal environment may host incoming stem cells, able to engraft in the epithelial damaged sites and differentiate. Therefore, stem cell therapies represent an emerging alternative in inflammatory bowel diseases, with current investigations on the use of haematopoietic and mesenchymal stem cells, in particular adipose stem cells, apparently fundamental as regenerators and as immune-modulators. Here, we discuss stem cells in intestinal homeostasis and as therapeutic agents for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases.
炎症性肠病在西方国家及不断增长的人群中日益普遍。这些病症的病理生理学与慢性炎症微环境中的肠道干细胞稳态及再生潜能相关。炎症性肠病患者患结直肠癌（CRC）或结肠炎相关癌症（CAC）的风险增加。炎症性肠病的传统治疗针对炎症过程（包括抗炎和免疫抑制药物），生物制剂成为对传统治疗无反应者的一种治疗方法。传统治疗效果不佳且会出现严重并发症。肠道环境可能容纳进入的干细胞，这些干细胞能够植入上皮损伤部位并分化。因此，干细胞疗法在炎症性肠病中是一种新兴的替代疗法，目前对造血干细胞和间充质干细胞，特别是脂肪干细胞的应用研究，显然在作为再生剂和免疫调节剂方面至关重要。在此，我们讨论肠道稳态中的干细胞以及作为治疗炎症性肠病的治疗剂。
