Morris Kelly A, Langston David B, Davis Richard F, Noe James P, Dickson Don W, Timper Patricia
Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA 31793.
Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA 31793.; Current address: Tidewater Agricultural Research and Extension Center, 6321 Holland Rd, Suffolk, VA 23437.
J Nematol. 2016 Jun;48(2):65-71. doi: 10.21307/jofnem-2017-010.
Fluensulfone is a new nematicide in the flouroalkenyl chemical group. A field experiment was conducted in 2012 and 2013 to evaluate the efficacy of various application methods of fluensulfone for control of Meloidogyne spp. in cucumber (Cucumis sativus). Treatments of fluensulfone (3.0 kg a.i./ha) were applied either as preplant incorporation (PPI) or via different drip irrigation methods: drip without pulse irrigation (Drip NP), pulse irrigation 1 hr after treatment (Drip +1P), and treatment at the same time as pulse irrigation (Drip =P). The experiment had eight replications per treatment and also included a PPI treatment of oxamyl (22.5 kg a.i./ha) and a nontreated control. Compared to the control, neither the oxamyl nor the fluensulfone PPI treatments reduced root galling by Meloidogyne spp. in cucumber. Among the drip treatments, Drip NP and Drip +1P reduced root galling compared to the control. Cucumber yield was greater in all fluensulfone treatments than in the control. In a growth-chamber experiment, the systemic activity and phytotoxicity of fluensulfone were also evaluated on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), eggplant (Solanum melongena), cucumber, and squash (Curcurbita pepo). At the seedling stage, foliage of each crop was sprayed with fluensulfone at 3, 6, and 12 g a.i./liter, oxamyl at 4.8 g a.i./liter, or water (nontreated control). Each plant was inoculated with Meloidogyne incognita juveniles 2 d after treatment. There were six replications per treatment and the experiment was conducted twice. Foliar applications of fluensulfone reduced plant vigor and dry weight of eggplant and tomato, but not cucumber or squash; application of oxamyl had no effect on the vigor or weight of any of the crops. Typically, only the highest rate of fluensulfone was phytotoxic to eggplant and tomato. Tomato was the only crop tested in which there was a reduction in the number of nematodes or galls when fluensulfone or oxamyl was applied to the foliage compared to the nontreated control. This study demonstrates that control of Meloidogyne spp. may be obtained by drip and foliar applications of fluensulfone; however, the systemic activity of fluensulfone is crop specific and there is a risk of phytotoxicity with foliar applications.
氟虫砜是氟代烯基化学组中的一种新型杀线虫剂。在2012年和2013年进行了一项田间试验，以评估氟虫砜的各种施用方法对黄瓜（Cucumis sativus）中根结线虫属的防治效果。氟虫砜处理（3.0千克有效成分/公顷）通过种植前土壤混施（PPI）或不同的滴灌方法施用：无脉冲灌溉滴灌（Drip NP）、处理后1小时脉冲灌溉（Drip +1P）以及与脉冲灌溉同时处理（Drip =P）。每个处理有8次重复，试验还包括涕灭威的种植前土壤混施处理（22.5千克有效成分/公顷）和一个未处理对照。与对照相比，涕灭威和氟虫砜的种植前土壤混施处理均未降低黄瓜中根结线虫属引起的根瘤。在滴灌处理中，与对照相比，Drip NP和Drip +1P降低了根瘤。所有氟虫砜处理的黄瓜产量均高于对照。在生长室试验中，还评估了氟虫砜对番茄（Solanum lycopersicum）、茄子（Solanum melongena）、黄瓜和南瓜（Curcurbita pepo）的内吸活性和植物毒性。在幼苗期，用3、6和12克有效成分/升的氟虫砜、4.8克有效成分/升的涕灭威或水（未处理对照）对每种作物的叶片进行喷雾处理。处理后2天，对每株植物接种南方根结线虫幼虫。每个处理有6次重复，试验进行了两次。氟虫砜叶面喷施降低了茄子和番茄的植株活力和干重，但对黄瓜或南瓜没有影响；涕灭威的施用对任何作物的活力或重量均无影响。通常，只有最高剂量的氟虫砜对茄子和番茄具有植物毒性。与未处理对照相比，在测试的作物中，番茄是唯一一种施用氟虫砜或涕灭威叶面处理后线虫或根瘤数量减少的作物。本研究表明，通过氟虫砜的滴灌和叶面喷施可以防治根结线虫属；然而，氟虫砜的内吸活性具有作物特异性，叶面喷施存在植物毒性风险。
