De Conto F, Medici M C, Ferraglia F, Pinardi F, Fazzi A, Arcangeletti M C, Chezzi C, Calderaro A
Unit of Microbiology and Virology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
Unit of Virology, Diagnostic Department, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy.
Arch Virol. 2016 Oct;161(10):2727-37. doi: 10.1007/s00705-016-2975-8. Epub 2016 Jul 15.
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes have became important epidemiological markers in the management of HCV-infected subjects and infection treatment. The dynamics of HCV genotypes are changing in Europe. During a five-year (2009-2013) hospital-based surveillance in the area of Parma, Northern Italy, serum/plasma samples from 1,265 HCV RNA-positive subjects were genotyped. Subtypes 1b, 3a, and 1a were predominant (32.6 %, 19.1 %, and 17.8 %, respectively), with a correlation between viral load and gender. Subtypes 1a and 3a were more frequent in adults and males with a significant difference with the over-50 age group and females (P > 0.0001). Subtype 1b, as well as 2a/2c and G2 not-subtypeable (15.7 % and 7.2 %, respectively), were more common in females and in the over-50 age group compared to males (P < 0.0001, P < 0.0001, and P < 0.05, respectively) and the under-50 age group (P < 0.0001). While subtype 1b showed a nearly constant trend, subtype 1a peaked in 2012, when a consistent decrease in G2 was observed. The increasing detection of G4, mainly in adults, and subtypes 1a and 3a suggests their epidemiological relevance in the population. The detection of more than one HCV genotype in the same sample (0.2 %) and different genotypes in distant samples (5.1 %) from the same subject reinforces the opinion that re-infection and super-infection with different genotypes are not negligible events, especially in HIV-infected subjects. The dynamics of HCV genotypes could have significant implications for infection control.
丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）基因型已成为丙型肝炎病毒感染患者管理及感染治疗中的重要流行病学标志物。欧洲的丙型肝炎病毒基因型动态正在发生变化。在意大利北部帕尔马地区进行的为期五年（2009 - 2013年）的医院监测中，对1265例HCV RNA阳性患者的血清/血浆样本进行了基因分型。1b、3a和1a亚型占主导地位（分别为32.6%、19.1%和17.8%），病毒载量与性别之间存在相关性。1a和3a亚型在成年人及男性中更为常见，与50岁以上年龄组及女性相比有显著差异（P > 0.0001）。与男性（P < 0.0001）及50岁以下年龄组（P < 0.0001）相比，1b亚型以及无法分型的2a/2c和G2亚型（分别为15.7%和7.2%）在女性及50岁以上年龄组中更为常见（P < 0.0001和P < 0.05）。虽然1b亚型呈近乎恒定的趋势，但1a亚型在2012年达到峰值，此时观察到G2亚型出现持续下降。G4亚型（主要在成年人中）以及1a和3a亚型检测率的增加表明它们在人群中的流行病学相关性。在同一样本中检测到不止一种HCV基因型（0.2%）以及在同一受试者的不同样本中检测到不同基因型（5.1%），这进一步证明不同基因型的再感染和重叠感染并非可忽略不计的事件，尤其是在HIV感染患者中。丙型肝炎病毒基因型的动态变化可能对感染控制具有重大影响。
