Université Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, CIRI Inserm U1111, équipe Virpath, Lyon, France; Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre National de Référence virus influenzae France Sud, Laboratoire de Virologie, Groupement Hospitalier Nord, Lyon, France.
Université Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, CIRI Inserm U1111, équipe Virpath, Lyon, France.
Clin Microbiol Infect. 2016 Dec;22(12):975-983. doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2016.07.007. Epub 2016 Jul 15.
Seasonal influenza A and B viruses are important human pathogens responsible for significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. In addition, influenza A zoonotic viruses are a constant pandemic threat. These viruses present two major surface glycoproteins: the haemagglutinin (HA) and the neuraminidase (NA). These two glycoproteins both recognize the sialic acid and have complementary activities, the HA binds the sialic acid through its receptor-binding site, the NA is a receptor-destroying enzyme that cleaves α2-3 and α2-6-linked sialic acids. Therefore, the functional HA/NA balance is a critical factor for a good viral fitness and plays a major role in overcoming the host barrier and the efficiency of sustained human-to-human transmission. Although the two glycoproteins are in constant evolution, the HA/NA balance seems to remain stable in human viruses because an optimal balance is required to maintain good viral fitness. Understanding the evolution of influenza viruses requires an in-depth exploration of the HA/NA balance.
季节性甲型和乙型流感病毒是重要的人类病原体，在全球范围内导致了大量的发病率和死亡率。此外，甲型流感动物源性病毒是持续存在的大流行威胁。这些病毒呈现出两种主要的表面糖蛋白：血凝素（HA）和神经氨酸酶（NA）。这两种糖蛋白都识别唾液酸，具有互补的活性，HA 通过其受体结合位点与唾液酸结合，NA 是一种受体破坏酶，可切割α2-3 和 α2-6 连接的唾液酸。因此，功能上的 HA/NA 平衡是良好病毒适应性的关键因素，在克服宿主屏障和维持人与人之间持续传播的效率方面发挥着重要作用。尽管这两种糖蛋白在不断进化，但人类病毒中的 HA/NA 平衡似乎保持稳定，因为需要保持最佳平衡来维持良好的病毒适应性。要了解流感病毒的进化，需要深入探索 HA/NA 平衡。
