Department of Engineering Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Quillota 980, Viña del Mar, Chile.
Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
BMC Public Health. 2021 Nov 4;21(1):2008. doi: 10.1186/s12889-021-12066-z.
An emergent group of studies have examined the extent under which ridesharing may decrease alcohol-related crashes in countries such as United States, United Kingdom, Brazil, and Chile. Virtually all existent studies have assumed that ridesharing is equally distributed across socioeconomic groups, potentially masking differences across them. We contribute to this literature by studying how socioeconomic status at the municipal level impacts Uber's effect on alcohol-related crashes.
We use data provided by Chile's Road Safety Commission considering all alcohol-related crashes, and fatal and severe alcohol-related injuries that occurred between January 2013 and September 2013 (before Uber) and January and September 2014 (with Uber) in Santiago. We first apply spatial autocorrelation techniques to examine the level of spatial dependence between the location of alcohol-related crashes with and without Uber. We then apply random-effects meta-analysis to obtain risk ratios of alcohol-related crashes by considering socioeconomic municipality differences before and after the introduction of Uber.
In both analyses, we find that the first 9 months of Uber in Santiago is associated with significant rate ratio decreases (RR = 0.71 [95% Confidence Interval (C.I.) 0.56, 0.89]) in high socioeconomic municipalities in all alcohol-related crashes and null (RR = 1.10 [95% C.I. 0.97, 1.23]) increases in low socioeconomic municipalities. No concomitant associations were observed in fatal alcohol-related crashes regardless of the socioeconomic municipality group.
One interpretation for the decline in alcohol-related crashes in high socioeconomic municipalities is that Uber may be a substitute form of transport for those individuals who have access to credit cards, and thus, could afford to pay for this service at the time they have consumed alcohol. Slight increases of alcohol-related crashes in low socioeconomic municipalities should be studied further since this could be related to different phenomena such as increases in alcohol sales and consumption, less access to the provision of public transport services in these jurisdictions, or biases in police reports.
有一组新的研究考察了拼车在多大程度上可以减少美国、英国、巴西和智利等国家的与酒精相关的车祸。几乎所有现有的研究都假设拼车在社会经济群体中分布均匀，这可能掩盖了它们之间的差异。我们通过研究市级社会经济地位如何影响优步对与酒精相关的车祸的影响，为这一文献做出了贡献。
我们使用智利道路安全委员会提供的数据，考虑了 2013 年 1 月至 2013 年 9 月（优步之前）和 2014 年 1 月至 2014 年 9 月（优步期间）圣地亚哥发生的所有与酒精相关的车祸以及致命和严重的与酒精相关的伤害。我们首先应用空间自相关技术来检验有无优步的情况下，与酒精相关的车祸的位置之间的空间依赖性水平。然后，我们通过考虑优步引入前后的社会经济市级差异，应用随机效应荟萃分析来获得与酒精相关的车祸的风险比。
在这两种分析中，我们都发现，在优步进入圣地亚哥的头 9 个月里，在高社会经济市级地区，所有与酒精相关的车祸的比率都显著下降（RR=0.71[95%置信区间（CI）0.56，0.89]），而在低社会经济市级地区，比率则呈零增长（RR=1.10[95%CI 0.97，1.23]）。无论社会经济市级群体如何，致命的与酒精相关的车祸都没有同时发生关联。
对于高社会经济市级地区与酒精相关的车祸下降的一种解释是，优步可能是那些拥有信用卡的人可以选择的交通方式，因此，当他们饮酒时，他们可以负担得起这种服务的费用。在低社会经济市级地区，与酒精相关的车祸略有增加，这一点应该进一步研究，因为这可能与不同的现象有关，如酒精销售和消费的增加、在这些司法管辖区获得公共交通服务的机会减少，或者警察报告中的偏见。
