Shankar Prashant, Zamora Carlos, Castillo Mauricio
Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Handb Clin Neurol. 2016;136:1121-37. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-53486-6.00058-2.
In this chapter we briefly address the most common congenital brain and spinal anomalies as well as their most salient imaging, especially magnetic resonance, findings. Some of them, such as Chiari II, and open spinal defects, have become relatively rare due to their detection in utero and repair of the spinal malformation. Regardless of the type of brain anomaly, the most common clinical symptoms are mental retardation, hydrocephalus, and seizure; the latter two may need to be surgically and medically addressed. The most commonly found spinal congenital anomalies include the filum terminale lipoma which is generally asymptomatic and incidental and the caudal regression syndrome for which no primary treatment exists. Any spinal congenital anomaly may present in adulthood as a consequence of spinal cord tethering and/or development of syringomyelia.
在本章中，我们简要介绍了最常见的先天性脑和脊髓异常及其最显著的影像学表现，尤其是磁共振成像的表现。其中一些，如Chiari II畸形和开放性脊柱缺陷，由于在子宫内被检测到并对脊柱畸形进行了修复，已变得相对罕见。无论脑异常的类型如何，最常见的临床症状是智力发育迟缓、脑积水和癫痫发作；后两者可能需要手术和药物治疗。最常见的脊柱先天性异常包括通常无症状且为偶然发现的终丝脂肪瘤，以及尚无主要治疗方法的尾椎退化综合征。任何脊柱先天性异常在成年期都可能因脊髓拴系和/或脊髓空洞症的发展而出现。
