Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853; email:
Annu Rev Nutr. 2016 Jul 17;36:129-56. doi: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-071715-050901.
Skeletal muscle is the largest metabolic organ system in the human body. As such, metabolic dysfunction occurring in skeletal muscle impacts whole-body nutrient homeostasis. Macronutrient metabolism changes within the skeletal muscle with aging, and these changes are associated in part with age-related skeletal muscle remodeling. Moreover, age-related changes in skeletal muscle metabolism are affected differentially between males and females and are likely driven by changes in sex hormones. Intrinsic and extrinsic factors impact observed age-related changes and sex-related differences in skeletal muscle metabolism. Despite some support for sex-specific differences in skeletal muscle metabolism with aging, more research is necessary to identify underlying differences in mechanisms. Understanding sex-specific aging skeletal muscle will assist with the development of therapies to attenuate adverse metabolic and functional outcomes.
骨骼肌是人体最大的代谢器官系统。因此，骨骼肌中发生的代谢功能障碍会影响全身营养稳态。随着年龄的增长，骨骼肌中的宏量营养素代谢会发生变化，这些变化部分与与年龄相关的骨骼肌重塑有关。此外，男性和女性的骨骼肌代谢随年龄的变化存在差异，这可能是由性激素的变化驱动的。内在和外在因素会影响观察到的与年龄相关的变化以及骨骼肌代谢的性别差异。尽管有一些支持衰老骨骼肌代谢存在性别特异性差异的证据，但仍需要更多的研究来确定机制上的差异。了解性别特异性衰老骨骼肌将有助于开发治疗方法，以减轻不良代谢和功能后果。
