Hibbard Judith H
Health Policy Research Group, University of Oregon, 1209, Eugene, OR 97214, United States.
Patient Educ Couns. 2017 Jan;100(1):5-7. doi: 10.1016/j.pec.2016.07.006. Epub 2016 Jul 4.
Patients and consumers make many choices that affect their health and their health care. Some of these decisions are informed by evidence, but many are not. A growing body of research indicates that those who are more activated or engaged in their health are more likely to seek out and use information to inform their health decisions. In this paper we review the evidence about patient activation and information seeking, health behaviors, and health outcomes. We also review what is known about how to increase patient activation, and how best to support patients who are at different levels of activation to use information to support their choices.
Strategies can be tailored to support and information for patients at different levels of activation. These strategies might be implemented in different clinical settings and situations, tailored and targeted approaches for care transitions, health coaching, and in the use of shared-decision-making.
Efforts to support informed consumer choices have largely been a 'one size fits all' approach. Understanding consumers, and trying to meet them where they are, is likely to be the focus of the 'next generation' of interventions to support informed consumer choices.
患者和消费者会做出许多影响自身健康及医疗保健的选择。其中一些决策有证据依据，但许多并非如此。越来越多的研究表明，那些在自身健康方面更积极主动或更投入的人更有可能寻找并利用信息来为其健康决策提供依据。在本文中，我们回顾了关于患者积极性与信息寻求、健康行为及健康结果的证据。我们还回顾了关于如何提高患者积极性，以及如何最好地支持处于不同积极性水平的患者利用信息来支持其选择的相关知识。
可以针对处于不同积极性水平的患者制定相应策略以提供支持和信息。这些策略可在不同临床环境和情形中实施，针对护理过渡、健康指导以及共同决策的使用采用量身定制和有的放矢的方法。
支持明智消费者选择的努力在很大程度上一直是“一刀切”的方法。了解消费者，并努力在他们所处的位置与他们接触，可能会成为支持明智消费者选择的“下一代”干预措施的重点。
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