人类在预测他人行为时对注意力控制很敏感。
Humans are sensitive to attention control when predicting others' actions.
作者信息
Pesquita Ana, Chapman Craig S, Enns James T
机构信息
Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z4;
Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2H9;
出版信息
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2016 Aug 2;113(31):8669-74. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1601872113. Epub 2016 Jul 19.
Studies of social perception report acute human sensitivity to where another's attention is aimed. Here we ask whether humans are also sensitive to how the other's attention is deployed. Observers viewed videos of actors reaching to targets without knowing that those actors were sometimes choosing to reach to one of the targets (endogenous control) and sometimes being directed to reach to one of the targets (exogenous control). Experiments 1 and 2 showed that observers could respond more rapidly when actors chose where to reach, yet were at chance when guessing whether the reach was chosen or directed. This implicit sensitivity to attention control held when either actor's faces or limbs were masked (experiment 3) and when only the earliest actor's movements were visible (experiment 4). Individual differences in sensitivity to choice correlated with an independent measure of social aptitude. We conclude that humans are sensitive to attention control through an implicit kinematic process linked to empathy. The findings support the hypothesis that social cognition involves the predictive modeling of others' attentional states.
社会认知研究表明，人类对他人注意力的指向极为敏感。在此，我们探讨人类是否也能敏锐感知他人注意力的分配方式。观察者观看演员伸手去够目标的视频，但他们并不知道这些演员有时是自主选择去够其中一个目标（内源性控制），有时则是被指示去够其中一个目标（外源性控制）。实验1和实验2表明，当演员自主选择伸手的位置时，观察者能够更快地做出反应，但在猜测伸手动作是自主选择还是被指示时，他们的表现则处于随机水平。当演员的面部或肢体被遮挡时（实验3）以及当只能看到最早行动的演员的动作时（实验4），这种对注意力控制的隐性敏感性依然存在。对选择的敏感性的个体差异与一项独立的社交能力测量相关。我们得出结论，人类通过与同理心相关的隐性运动过程对注意力控制敏感。这些发现支持了社会认知涉及对他人注意力状态进行预测建模的假设。
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