希罗多德所描述的自杀诱因。
Suicide Triggers Described by Herodotus.
作者信息
Pridmore Saxby, Auchincloss Stephane, Ahmadi Jamshid
机构信息
Discipline of Psychiatry, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.
Substance Abuse Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
出版信息
Iran J Psychiatry. 2016 Apr;11(2):128-32.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to better understand the triggers of suicide, particularly among the ancient Greek and Persian soldiers and commanders.
METHOD
'Herodotus:TheHistories' is a history of the rulers and soldiery who participated in the Greco-Persian wars (492-449 BCE). A new translation (2013) of this manuscript was studied. Accounts of suicide were collected and collated, with descriptions of circumstances, methods, and probable triggers.
RESULTS
Nine accounts of suicide were identified. Eight of these were named individuals (4 Greeks and 4 Persians); of whom, seven were male. Only one (not the female) appeared to act in response to a mental disorder. Other triggers of suicide included guilt, avoidance of dishonour/punishment and altruism. Cutting/ stabbing was the most common method; others included hanging, jumping, poison, and burning (the single female).
CONCLUSION
While soldiers at a time of war do not reflect the general community, they are nevertheless members of their society. Thus, this evidence demonstrates that suicide triggered by burdensome circumstances (in addition to mental disorder) was known to the Greek and Persian people more than two millennia ago.
目的
本研究旨在更深入地了解自杀的诱因，尤其是在古希腊和波斯士兵及指挥官当中。
方法
《希罗多德历史》讲述了参与希波战争（公元前492年至449年）的统治者和士兵的历史。对该手稿2013年的新译本进行了研究。收集并整理了自杀事件的记录，包括对相关情况、方式及可能诱因的描述。
结果
共确定了9起自杀事件。其中8起涉及具名个人（4名希腊人和4名波斯人）；其中7名是男性。只有1人（非女性）似乎是因精神障碍而自杀。自杀的其他诱因包括内疚、避免耻辱/惩罚以及利他主义。割伤/刺伤是最常见的方式；其他方式包括上吊、跳楼、服毒和自焚（唯一的女性）。
结论
虽然战争时期的士兵不能代表整个社会，但他们仍是社会的一员。因此，这一证据表明，两千多年前希腊人和波斯人就已熟知由沉重负担（除精神障碍外）引发的自杀行为。
Zotero 插件