斯里兰卡未婚女性面对单身母亲身份的方式——一项定性访谈研究。
Unmarried women's ways of facing single motherhood in Sri Lanka - a qualitative interview study.
机构信息
IMCH/International Maternal and Child Health, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden.
出版信息
BMC Womens Health. 2013 Feb 6;13:5. doi: 10.1186/1472-6874-13-5.
BACKGROUND
In Sri Lanka, motherhood within marriage is highly valued. Sex out of wedlock is socially unacceptable and can create serious public health problems such as illegal abortions, suicide and infanticide, and single motherhood as a result of premarital sex is considered shameful. The way unmarried women facing single motherhood reflect on and make use of their agency in their social environments characterised by limited social and financial support has consequences for the health and well-being of both themselves and their children. The aim of this study was to explore and describe how unmarried women facing single motherhood in Sri Lanka handle their situation.
METHODS
This qualitative study comprised semi-structured interviews with 28 unmarried pregnant women or single mothers. The data were analysed by qualitative content analysis and the results related to the conceptual framework of social navigation.
RESULTS
The women facing single motherhood expressed awareness of having trespassed norms of sexuality through self-blame, victimhood and obedience, and by considering or attempting suicide. They demonstrated willingness to take responsibility for becoming pregnant before marriage by giving the child up for adoption, bringing up the child themselves, claiming a father for their child, refraining from marriage in the future, permanently leave their home environment, and taking up employment. Throughout the interviews, the women expressed fear of shame, and striving for familial and societal acceptance and financial survival.
CONCLUSIONS
A social environment highly condemning of unmarried motherhood hindered these women from making strategic choices on how to handle their situation. However, to achieve acceptance and survival, the women tactically navigated norms of femininity, strong family dependence, a limited work market, and different sources of support. Limited access to resources restricted the women's sexual and reproductive health and rights, including their ability to make acceptable and healthy choices for themselves and their children.
背景
在斯里兰卡，婚内生育受到高度重视。婚外性行为在社会上是不可接受的，可能会导致非法堕胎、自杀和杀婴等严重的公共卫生问题，以及由于婚前性行为而导致的单身母亲，这被认为是可耻的。未婚女性在面临单身母亲身份时，如何在社会环境中反思和利用自己的能动性，而这种社会环境的特点是社会和经济支持有限，这对她们自己和孩子的健康和幸福都有影响。本研究的目的是探讨和描述斯里兰卡未婚面临单身母亲身份的女性如何处理她们的处境。
方法
这是一项定性研究，包括对 28 名未婚怀孕或单身母亲进行半结构化访谈。数据采用定性内容分析进行分析，结果与社会导航的概念框架有关。
结果
面临单身母亲身份的女性表示，她们意识到自己通过自责、受害和顺从、考虑或试图自杀等方式违反了性规范。她们愿意通过将孩子送养、自己抚养孩子、为孩子认父亲、将来不结婚、永久离开家庭环境和就业来承担未婚先孕的责任。在整个访谈过程中，这些女性都表达了对耻辱的恐惧，以及对家庭和社会的接纳和经济生存的渴望。
结论
一个高度谴责未婚母亲身份的社会环境阻碍了这些女性在如何处理自己的处境方面做出战略性的选择。然而，为了获得认可和生存，这些女性在处理女性气质、强烈的家庭依赖、有限的工作市场和不同的支持来源等规范时采取了策略。有限的资源获取限制了这些女性的性健康和生殖健康以及权利，包括她们为自己和孩子做出可接受和健康选择的能力。
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