[Basic principles of protective reactions of phagocytic cells of the respiratory tract to deposition of cytotoxic dust particles and its regulation].

The relation of self-purification of the alveolar lung region from dust particles with mobilization and functional activity of macrophages and neutrophils is presented. A special impetus has been given to neutrophils' contribution growing along with the increase of dust cytotoxicity or decrease of macrophage resistance to its effect. Protective and compensatory mechanisms of phagocytic-response to dust deposit in the lungs are governed by an autoregulatory way as a function of the amount of macrophage destruction products. The ratio of neutrophils and macrophages in a cellular population of the bronchoalveolar lavage can serve as an information criterion of dust cytotoxicity (fibrogenicity, respectively). The level of the above mechanism response to macrophage destruction products depends on the neurohormonal background.