Ramos-Campo Domingo Jesús, Ávila-Gandía Vicente, Alacid Fernando, Soto-Méndez Fulgencio, Alcaraz Pedro E, López-Román Francisco Javier, Rubio-Arias Jacobo Ángel
a Department of Physical Activity and Sport Science, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Catholic University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
b Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM) Research Center for High Performance, Murcia, Spain.
Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2016 Aug;41(8):872-878. doi: 10.1139/apnm-2016-0093. Epub 2016 Apr 7.
The biological response to ultra-endurance mountain race events is not yet well understood. The aim of this study was to determine the biochemical and physiological changes after performing an ultra-endurance mountain race in runners. We recruited 11 amateur runners (age: 29.7 ± 10.2 years; height: 179.7 ± 5.4 cm; body mass: 76.7 ± 10.3 kg). Muscle damage, lactate concentration, energy balance, rating of perceived exertion (RPE), heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (HRV), body composition changes, and jump performance were analyzed before, during (only lactate, HR, and HRV), and after the race. Athletes completed 54 km in 6 h, 44 min (±28 min). After the race, myoglobin and creatine kinase concentration increased from 14.9 ± 5.2 to 1419.9 ± 1292.1 μg/L and from 820.0 ± 2087.3 to 2421.1 ± 2336.2 UI/L, respectively (p < 0.01). In addition, lactate dehydrogenase and troponin I significantly increased after the race (p < 0.01). Leukocyte and platelet count increased by 180.6% ± 68.9% and 23.7% ± 11.2%, respectively (p < 0.001). Moreover, after the competition, athletes presented a 3704 kcal negative energy balance; a significant increase in RPE values; a decrease in countermovement and squat jump height; and a decrease in body mass and lower limb girths. During the event, lactate concentration did not change and subjects presented a mean HR of 158.8 ± 17.7 beats/min, a significant decrement in vagal modulation, and a significant increase in sympathetic modulation. Despite the relative "low" intensity achieved, ultra-endurance mountain race is a stressful stimulus that produces a high level of muscle damage in the athletes. These findings may help coaches to design specific training programs that may improve nutritional intake strategies and prevent muscle damage.
人们对超耐力山地赛跑项目的生物学反应尚未完全了解。本研究的目的是确定跑步者完成超耐力山地赛后的生化和生理变化。我们招募了11名业余跑步者（年龄：29.7±10.2岁；身高：179.7±5.4厘米；体重：76.7±10.3千克）。在比赛前、比赛期间（仅检测乳酸、心率和心率变异性）和比赛后，对肌肉损伤、乳酸浓度、能量平衡、主观用力感觉评分（RPE）、心率（HR）、心率变异性（HRV）、身体成分变化和跳跃性能进行了分析。运动员在6小时44分钟（±28分钟）内完成了54公里。比赛后，肌红蛋白和肌酸激酶浓度分别从14.9±5.2微克/升增加到1419.9±1292.1微克/升，从820.0±2087.3国际单位/升增加到2421.1±2336.2国际单位/升（p<0.01）。此外，比赛后乳酸脱氢酶和肌钙蛋白I显著增加（p<0.01）。白细胞和血小板计数分别增加了180.6%±68.9%和23.7%±11.2%（p<0.001）。此外，比赛后，运动员出现了3704千卡的负能量平衡；RPE值显著增加；反向运动和深蹲跳跃高度降低；体重和下肢围度减小。在比赛过程中，乳酸浓度没有变化，受试者的平均心率为158.8±17.7次/分钟，迷走神经调节显著降低，交感神经调节显著增加。尽管达到的强度相对“较低”，但超耐力山地赛是一种压力刺激，会在运动员身上产生高水平的肌肉损伤。这些发现可能有助于教练设计特定的训练计划，以改善营养摄入策略并预防肌肉损伤。
