Diez-Itza Eliseo, Martínez Verónica, Antón Aránzazu
Universidad de Oviedo.
Psicothema. 2016 Aug;28(3):291-7. doi: 10.7334/psicothema2015.190.
Williams syndrome (WS) is a genetic disorder associated with intellectual disability and characterised by displaying an atypical neuropsychological profile, with peaks and valleys, where language skills seem better preserved than non-verbal intelligence.
This study researches the narrative competence of nine Spanish-speaking adults with WS. Oral narratives were elicited from a silent film, and narrative coherence was analysed as a function of sequential order of the events narrated at three structure levels, while narrative cohesion was assessed through the frequency of use and type of discourse markers.
WS subjects were able to remember a significant proportion of the events from the film, but coherence of narratives, i.e., sequential order of events, was more impaired. Consistently with their linguistic abilities, cohesion of narratives was better preserved, as they used discourse markers to introduce a high proportion of events.
Construction of mental models of the narratives may be constrained in WS by non-verbal cognitive abilities, but narrative competence is also determined by textual pragmatic abilities to organize discourse, which should be addressed by specific intervention in narrative competence.
威廉姆斯综合征（WS）是一种与智力残疾相关的遗传性疾病，其特征是呈现出非典型的神经心理学特征，有高峰和低谷，其中语言技能似乎比非语言智力得到更好的保留。
本研究调查了九名讲西班牙语的成年WS患者的叙事能力。从一部无声电影中引出口头叙述，并在三个结构层面上根据所叙述事件的顺序分析叙事连贯性，同时通过话语标记的使用频率和类型评估叙事衔接性。
WS患者能够记住电影中相当一部分事件，但叙事的连贯性，即事件的顺序，受损更严重。与他们的语言能力一致，叙事的衔接性得到了更好的保留，因为他们使用话语标记来引入大部分事件。
WS患者构建叙事心理模型可能受到非语言认知能力的限制，但叙事能力也由组织话语的文本语用能力决定，这应该通过对叙事能力的特定干预来解决。
