Kalliomäki P L, Taikina-aho O, Pääkkö P, Anttila S, Kerola T, Sivonen S J, Tienari J, Sutinen S
Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland.
IARC Sci Publ. 1989(90):323-9.
The total pulmonary mineral particle burden and types of environmental particles were assessed in relation to smoking in 11 unselected autopsy lungs from adult male smokers and paired male non-smokers matched by age and lung. The lungs were fixed intrabronchially with formalin-polyethylene glycol-alcohol solution at a standard pressure and air-dried. A sample of 1-2 cm3 was taken from the posterior or apicoposterior segment of the right/left upper lobe and plasma ashed at low temperature. The mineral particles were identified by scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), electron microprobe analysis and electron diffraction. The number, mass and volume were calculated from the STEM image. The smokers' lung tissue had a lower number (54 +/- 15 X 10(6), mass (5.1 +/- 3.2 micrograms), volume (183 +/- 122 X 10(-5) mm3) and surface area (104 +/- 44 mm2/cm3 of lung tissue) of particles than the non-smokers' lung tissue (68 +/- 42 X 10(6), 12.6 +/- 13.4 micrograms, 468 +/- 501 X 10(-5) mm3 and 191 +/- 167 mm2/cm3 of lung tissue, respectively). All mineral types except talc were more numerous in the non-smokers' than in the smokers' lung tissue. The mineral particles were typical of the Finnish bedrock: quartz 15 +/- 7%, plagioclase 8 +/- 4%, microcline 13 +/- 5%, micas 22 +/- 10%, talc 4 +/- 4% and kaolinite 10 +/- 5%. Fibres were observed in only 2 cases, amounting to 1% in each. The lower mineral particle content of the smokers' lungs probably reflects more active clearance mechanisms caused by cigarette smoke.
在11例成年男性吸烟者以及按年龄和肺脏匹配的成年男性非吸烟者的未选择的尸检肺脏中，评估了总肺矿物质颗粒负荷及环境颗粒类型与吸烟的关系。肺脏在标准压力下通过支气管内用福尔马林 - 聚乙二醇 - 酒精溶液固定并风干。从右/左上叶的后段或尖后段取1 - 2立方厘米的样本并低温等离子体灰化。通过扫描透射电子显微镜（STEM）、电子微探针分析和电子衍射鉴定矿物质颗粒。根据STEM图像计算颗粒的数量、质量和体积。吸烟者肺组织中的颗粒数量（54±15×10⁶）、质量（5.1±3.2微克）、体积（183±122×10⁻⁵立方毫米）和表面积（104±44平方毫米/立方厘米肺组织）均低于非吸烟者肺组织（分别为68±42×10⁶、12.6±13.4微克、468±501×10⁻⁵立方毫米和191±167平方毫米/立方厘米肺组织）。除滑石外，所有矿物质类型在非吸烟者肺组织中的数量均多于吸烟者肺组织。这些矿物质颗粒是芬兰基岩的典型代表：石英15±7%、斜长石8±4%、微斜长石13±5%、云母22±10%、滑石4±4%和高岭石10±5%。仅在2例中观察到纤维，各占1%。吸烟者肺中较低的矿物质颗粒含量可能反映了香烟烟雾引起的更活跃的清除机制。
