Naguib Mahmoud M, Hagag Naglaa, El-Sanousi Ahmed A, Hussein Hussein Ali, Arafa Abdel-Satar
Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493, Greifswald Insel-Riems, Germany.
National Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Giza, 12618, Egypt.
Virus Genes. 2016 Dec;52(6):872-876. doi: 10.1007/s11262-016-1373-3. Epub 2016 Jul 23.
Large-scale sequence analysis of Matrix (M) gene and its coding proteins M1 and M2 was performed for 274 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses H5N1 circulated in Egypt from 2006 to 2016. The aim is to study the amantadine-resistant markers distribution and to estimate the evolutionary rate. 246 viruses were obtained from the Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data base, and 28 additional viruses were sequenced. Maximum clade credibility (MCC) phylogenetic tree revealed that the M gene has evolved into two different lineages. Estimated Evolutionary analysis showed that the M2 protein possessed higher evolutionary rates (3.45 × 10) than the M1 protein (2.73 × 10). M gene encoding proteins revealed significant markers described to be associated with host tropism and increase in virulence: V15I, N30D, and T121A in M1 and L55F in M2 protein. Site analysis focusing attention on the temporal and host distribution of the amantadine-resistant markers was carried out and showed that vast majority of the M2 amantadine-resistant variants of clade 2.2.1.1 (n = 90) is N31 marker, in addition to G27 (n = 7), A27 (n = 5), I27 (n = 1), and S30 (n = 1). In 2010-2011, amantadine resistant frequency increased considerably resembling more than half of the resistant variants. Notably, all viruses of clade 2.2.1.1 possessed amantadine-resistant marker. However, almost all current circulating viruses in Egypt of clade 2.2.1.2 from 2014 to 2016 did not carry any amantadine-resistant markers.
对2006年至2016年在埃及传播的274株高致病性H5N1禽流感病毒进行了基质（M）基因及其编码蛋白M1和M2的大规模序列分析。目的是研究金刚烷胺抗性标志物的分布并估计进化速率。从全球共享所有流感数据库中获得了246株病毒，并对另外28株病毒进行了测序。最大分支可信度（MCC）系统发育树显示M基因已进化为两个不同的谱系。进化分析估计显示，M2蛋白的进化速率（3.45×10）高于M1蛋白（2.73×10）。编码M基因的蛋白质显示出与宿主嗜性和毒力增加相关的重要标志物：M1中的V15I、N30D和T121A以及M2蛋白中的L55F。对金刚烷胺抗性标志物的时间和宿主分布进行了位点分析，结果显示，除了G27（n = 7）、A27（n = 5）、I27（n = 1）和S30（n = 1）外，2.2.1.1分支的绝大多数M2金刚烷胺抗性变体（n = 90）是N31标志物。在2010 - 2011年，金刚烷胺抗性频率大幅增加，超过一半的抗性变体。值得注意的是，2.2.1.1分支的所有病毒都具有金刚烷胺抗性标志物。然而，2014年至2016年埃及目前流行的2.2.1.2分支的几乎所有病毒都没有携带任何金刚烷胺抗性标志物。
