Joshi Monika, Pal Sumanta K, Drabick Joseph J
Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
Discov Med. 2016 Jun;21(118):479-87.
After decades of disappointments, the use of immunotherapy in cancer has finally come of age and resulted in a real paradigm shift in cancer treatment across many tumor types. With the advent of novel immunotherapies based on increasing understanding of the human immune system, cure has become a real possibility for many patients. The development of cancer vaccines, immune checkpoint inhibitors, chimeric antigen receptor T cell, oncolytic virus based immunotherapy to name a few have given hope to patients. One of the most exciting developments in the era of immunotherapy has been the discovery of checkpoint inhibitors causing blockade of two important immune pathways -- cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1), resulting in empowerment of anti-tumor immunity. However, only a select group of patients respond to these immunotherapies, highlighting a need for novel strategies that could help transform the non-responders to responders' category. This article highlights various immunotherapeutic agents and strategies using them and other modalities in the treatment of solid tumors.
历经数十年的失望之后，免疫疗法在癌症治疗中的应用终于走向成熟，并在多种肿瘤类型的癌症治疗中引发了真正的范式转变。随着基于对人体免疫系统认识不断加深的新型免疫疗法的出现，治愈许多患者已成为切实可能。癌症疫苗、免疫检查点抑制剂、嵌合抗原受体T细胞、溶瘤病毒免疫疗法等的发展，给患者带来了希望。免疫疗法时代最令人兴奋的进展之一是发现了检查点抑制剂，它能阻断两条重要的免疫途径——细胞毒性T淋巴细胞相关蛋白4（CTLA-4）和程序性死亡受体1（PD-1），从而增强抗肿瘤免疫力。然而，只有一部分特定患者对这些免疫疗法有反应，这凸显了需要新的策略来帮助将无反应者转变为有反应者。本文重点介绍了在实体瘤治疗中使用的各种免疫治疗药物、策略以及其他治疗方式。
