Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 S. Limestone, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA.
Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
AAPS PharmSciTech. 2024 Jul 24;25(6):168. doi: 10.1208/s12249-024-02883-x.
Immunotherapy is one of the most promising therapeutic approaches in the field of cancer treatment. As a tumor progresses, tumor cells employ an array of immune-regulatory mechanisms to suppress immune responses within the tumor microenvironment. Using our understanding of these mechanisms, cancer immunotherapy has been developed to enhance the immune system's effectiveness in treating cancer. Numerous cancer immunotherapies are currently in clinical use, yet many others are either in different stages of development or undergoing clinical studies. In this paper, we briefly discuss the features and current status of cancer immunotherapies. This includes the application of monoclonal antibodies, immune checkpoint inhibitors, adoptive cell therapy, cytokine therapy, cancer vaccines, and gene therapy, all of which have gained significant recognition in clinical practice. Additionally, we discuss limitations that may hinder successful clinical utilization and promising strategies, such as combining immunotherapy with nanotechnology.
免疫疗法是癌症治疗领域最有前途的治疗方法之一。随着肿瘤的进展，肿瘤细胞会利用一系列免疫调节机制来抑制肿瘤微环境中的免疫反应。利用我们对这些机制的理解，癌症免疫疗法已经被开发出来，以增强免疫系统治疗癌症的有效性。目前有许多癌症免疫疗法正在临床应用，还有许多其他疗法处于不同的开发阶段或正在进行临床研究。本文简要讨论了癌症免疫疗法的特点和现状。这包括单克隆抗体、免疫检查点抑制剂、过继细胞疗法、细胞因子疗法、癌症疫苗和基因疗法的应用，这些在临床实践中都得到了广泛的认可。此外，我们还讨论了可能阻碍成功临床应用的局限性和有前途的策略，如将免疫疗法与纳米技术相结合。
