Hatzipanayioti Adamantini, Galati Alexia, Avraamides Marios N
Department of Psychology, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678, Nicosia, Cyprus.
Center for Applied Neuroscience, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus.
Mem Cognit. 2016 Nov;44(8):1259-1276. doi: 10.3758/s13421-016-0635-6.
In four experiments we examined whether sensorimotor encoding influences readers' reasoning about spatial scenes acquired through narratives. Participants read a narrative that described the geometry of a store and then pointed to the memorized locations of described objects from imagined perspectives. In Experiment 1, participants walked during learning towards the direction of every described object and then visualized these objects as being in the immediate environment. In Experiment 2 they rotated their body to the direction of the described objects instead of walking to them, while in Experiment 3 they only turned their heads towards the objects. In Experiment 4, we eliminated the instructions to visualize the objects altogether. Results from the first three experiments revealed a performance benefit for responding from the perspective that participants physically occupied at testing. However, results from Experiment 4 showed that only participants who, in a post-task questionnaire, indicated that they had linked the described environment to their immediate environment exhibited such a benefit. Findings indicate that (1) the physical change in orientation influences reasoning about described environments if the remote environments are linked to participants' sensorimotor framework and, (2) visualization instructions are sufficient to produce such a link.
在四项实验中，我们研究了感觉运动编码是否会影响读者对通过叙事获取的空间场景的推理。参与者阅读一段描述商店布局的叙事，然后从想象的视角指出记忆中所描述物体的位置。在实验1中，参与者在学习过程中朝着每个所描述物体的方向行走，然后将这些物体想象为处于当前环境中。在实验2中，他们将身体转向所描述物体的方向而非走向它们，而在实验3中，他们只是转头朝向物体。在实验4中，我们完全取消了让参与者想象物体的指示。前三项实验的结果显示，从参与者在测试时实际所处的视角做出反应具有表现优势。然而，实验4的结果表明，只有那些在任务后问卷中表示将所描述环境与自身当前环境建立了联系的参与者才表现出这种优势。研究结果表明：（1）如果远程环境与参与者的感觉运动框架相关联，那么方向上的身体变化会影响对所描述环境的推理；（2）想象指示足以产生这样的关联。
