Margolis Kara Gross, Gershon Michael D
Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, 620 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA.
Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, 650 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA.
Trends Neurosci. 2016 Sep;39(9):614-624. doi: 10.1016/j.tins.2016.06.007. Epub 2016 Jul 20.
Recent research has highlighted the importance of the two-way interaction between the nervous and immune systems. This interaction is particularly important in the bowel because of the unique properties of this organ. The lumen of the gut is lined by a very large but remarkably thin surface that separates the body from the enteric microbiome. Immune defenses against microbial invasion are thus well developed and neuroimmune interactions are important in regulating and integrating these defenses. Important concepts in the phylogeny of neuroimmunity, enteric neuronal and glial regulation of immunity, changes that occur in the enteric nervous system during inflammation, the fundamental role of serotonin (5-HT) in enteric neuroimmune mechanisms, and future perspectives are reviewed.
近期研究凸显了神经系统与免疫系统之间双向相互作用的重要性。由于肠道这一器官的独特特性，这种相互作用在肠道中尤为重要。肠道内腔由一个非常大但极其薄的表面所覆盖，该表面将身体与肠道微生物群分隔开来。因此，针对微生物入侵的免疫防御机制十分发达，神经免疫相互作用在调节和整合这些防御中发挥着重要作用。本文综述了神经免疫发生学中的重要概念、肠道神经元和神经胶质细胞对免疫的调节、炎症期间肠道神经系统发生的变化、血清素（5-HT）在肠道神经免疫机制中的基本作用以及未来展望。
