Poynter Sarah J, DeWitte-Orr Stephanie J
Department of Biology, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
Department of Health Sciences and Biology, 75 University Ave W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
Dev Comp Immunol. 2016 Dec;65:218-225. doi: 10.1016/j.dci.2016.07.011. Epub 2016 Jul 19.
Type I interferons (IFN) are the cornerstone cytokine of innate antiviral immunity. In response to a viral infection, IFN signaling results in the expression of a diverse group of genes known as interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). These ISGs are responsible for interfering with viral replication and infectivity, helping to limit viral infection within a cell. In mammals, many antiviral effector ISGs have been identified and the antiviral mechanisms are at least partially elucidated. In fish fewer ISGs have been identified and while there is evidence they limit viral infection, almost nothing is known of their respective antiviral mechanisms. This review discusses seven ISGs common to mammals and fish and three ISGs that are unique to fish. The lack of understanding regarding fish ISG's antiviral effector functions is highlighted and draws attention to the need for research in this aspect of aquatic innate immunity.
I型干扰素（IFN）是先天性抗病毒免疫的基石细胞因子。响应病毒感染时，IFN信号传导会导致一组被称为干扰素刺激基因（ISG）的不同基因表达。这些ISG负责干扰病毒复制和感染性，有助于限制细胞内的病毒感染。在哺乳动物中，已鉴定出许多抗病毒效应ISG，并且至少部分阐明了其抗病毒机制。在鱼类中，已鉴定出的ISG较少，虽然有证据表明它们可限制病毒感染，但对其各自的抗病毒机制几乎一无所知。本综述讨论了哺乳动物和鱼类共有的七种ISG以及鱼类特有的三种ISG。强调了对鱼类ISG抗病毒效应功能缺乏了解，并提请注意在水生先天性免疫这一方面进行研究的必要性。
