Schlee Martin, Hartmann Gunther
Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, D-53127 Bonn, Germany.
Nat Rev Immunol. 2016 Sep;16(9):566-80. doi: 10.1038/nri.2016.78. Epub 2016 Jul 25.
Innate immunity against pathogens relies on an array of immune receptors to detect molecular patterns that are characteristic of the pathogens, including receptors that are specialized in the detection of foreign nucleic acids. In vertebrates, nucleic acid sensing is the dominant antiviral defence pathway. Stimulation of nucleic acid receptors results in antiviral immune responses with the production of type I interferon (IFN), as well as the expression of IFN-stimulated genes, which encode molecules such as cell-autonomous antiviral effector proteins. This Review summarizes the tremendous progress that has been made in understanding how this sophisticated immune sensory system discriminates self from non-self nucleic acids in order to reliably detect pathogenic viruses.
针对病原体的先天免疫依赖于一系列免疫受体来检测病原体特有的分子模式，包括专门用于检测外来核酸的受体。在脊椎动物中，核酸感应是主要的抗病毒防御途径。核酸受体的刺激会引发抗病毒免疫反应，产生I型干扰素（IFN），以及IFN刺激基因的表达，这些基因编码诸如细胞自主抗病毒效应蛋白等分子。本综述总结了在理解这个复杂的免疫传感系统如何区分自身与非自身核酸以可靠地检测致病病毒方面所取得的巨大进展。
