埃塞俄比亚中部农村阿尔西地区孕期饮食习惯、饮食禁忌及对体重增加的认知：一项定性横断面研究
Dietary habits, food taboos, and perceptions towards weight gain during pregnancy in Arsi, rural central Ethiopia: a qualitative cross-sectional study.
作者信息
Zerfu Taddese Alemu, Umeta Melaku, Baye Kaleab
机构信息
Center for Food Science and Nutrition, Addis Ababa University, College of Natural Sciences, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Department of Medical Biochemistry, Addis Ababa University, College of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
出版信息
J Health Popul Nutr. 2016 Jul 25;35(1):22. doi: 10.1186/s41043-016-0059-8.
BACKGROUND
The nutritional status of women before and during pregnancy can be determined by maternal knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions towards certain foods. The present study aimed to explore maternal dietary habits, food taboos, and cultural beliefs that can affect nutrition during pregnancy in rural Arsi, central Ethiopia.
METHODS
A qualitative, cross-sectional study, involving 38 key informant in-depth interviews and eight focus group discussions, was conducted among purposefully selected pregnant women and their husbands, elderly people, community leaders, health workers, and agriculture office experts. Participants were selected purposefully from all the major agro-ecologic areas of the study site. Data was analyzed manually using the thematic framework analyses method.
RESULTS
The pregnant women reported that they did not change the amount and type of foods consumed to take into account their increased nutritional need during pregnancy. The consumption of meat, fish, fruits, and some vegetables during pregnancy remained as low as the pre-pregnancy state, irrespective of the women's income and educational status. Although not practiced by all, a number of taboos related to the intake of certain food items and misconceptions that can adversely affect nutritional status during pregnancy were identified. The most common taboos were related to the consumption of green leafy vegetables, yogurt, cheese, sugar cane, and green pepper. However, the frequency and extent of the practice varied by maternal age, family composition, and literacy level. Older mothers, from rural villages, and those with no formal education were more likely to practice the taboos than younger and educated ones. Almost all of the participants disfavored weight gain during pregnancy in fear of obstetric complications associated with the delivery of a bigger infant.
CONCLUSIONS
Misconceptions about weight gain during pregnancy and food taboos were widespread, particularly among older and illiterate rural communities. Thus, future nutrition programs should promote diversification of both the agricultural production and consumption.
背景
孕妇孕前及孕期的营养状况可通过其对某些食物的认知、态度和看法来确定。本研究旨在探究埃塞俄比亚中部阿尔西农村地区影响孕期营养的孕产妇饮食习惯、食物禁忌及文化观念。
方法
开展了一项定性横断面研究，对特意挑选的孕妇及其丈夫、老年人、社区领袖、卫生工作者和农业办公室专家进行了38次关键 informant 深入访谈和8次焦点小组讨论。参与者是从研究地点的所有主要农业生态区域中特意挑选出来的。使用主题框架分析方法对数据进行人工分析。
结果
孕妇报告称，她们并未因孕期营养需求增加而改变所食用食物的数量和种类。孕期肉类、鱼类、水果和一些蔬菜的摄入量与孕前一样低，无论这些女性的收入和教育状况如何。尽管并非所有人都遵循，但发现了一些与某些食物摄入相关的禁忌以及可能对孕期营养状况产生不利影响的误解。最常见的禁忌与食用绿叶蔬菜、酸奶、奶酪、甘蔗和青椒有关。然而，这些禁忌的践行频率和程度因孕产妇年龄、家庭构成和识字水平而异。来自农村的老年母亲以及未受过正规教育的母亲比年轻且受过教育的母亲更有可能遵循这些禁忌。几乎所有参与者都不赞成孕期体重增加，因为担心与分娩较大婴儿相关的产科并发症。
结论
对孕期体重增加的误解和食物禁忌普遍存在，尤其是在农村老年和文盲群体中。因此，未来的营养项目应促进农业生产和消费的多样化。
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