Department of Reproductive and Child Health, Hubert Kairuki Memorial University, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
Department of Reproductive and Child Health, Ilemela Municipal Council, Mwanza, Tanzania.
Pan Afr Med J. 2020 Nov 30;37:283. doi: 10.11604/pamj.2020.37.283.21119. eCollection 2020.
hypertension (HTN) among children is reported to be increasing due to sedentary lifestyles. In developed countries the prevalence of paediatric HTN is recorded to be up to 21% while the magnitude of the same is up to 11% in Tanzania. This study aimed to determine the blood pressure profile and factors associated with elevated blood pressure (BP) among children of Mwanza region.
a cross sectional study involving 742 children aged 6 to 16 years in selected primary schools in Mwanza region was conducted from June to August 2019. Data were collected using self-administered structured questionnaires where parents helped children to fill in. Blood pressure, body weight and height were measured using digital portable sphygmomanometer, self-calibrating digital weighing scale and Shorr measuring board respectively. Data were analyzed using EpiInfo.
this study found mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were 109.2 ± 8.1 mmHg and 62.3 ± 7.2 mmHg respectively. Prevalence of elevated BP was 18.1%. Pre-hypertension 9.6%, and hypertension 8.5%. The age specific elevated BP prevalence was significantly higher (OR = 1.9, 95% CI: 1.2 - 2.9, p = 0.008) among children aged ≥10 years (21.4%) than younger ones (15.1%). Prevalence was also higher (OR = 1.5, 95% CI: 1.1 - 2.3, p = 0.048) among girls (20.1%) than boys (16.0%). Elevated BP was found to be associated with obesity (OR = 3.5, 95% CI: 1.6 - 7.7, p = <0.001), overweight (OR = 1.9, 95% CI: 1.1 - 3.3, p = 0.037), eating fried food (OR = 2.2, 95% CI: 1.1 - 4.4, p = 0.023), drinking sugar soft drinks (OR = 2.0, 95% CI: 1.2 - 3.5, p = 0.002) and not eating fruits (OR = 13.4, 1.6, 95% CI: 2.1 - 65.8, p-value 0.006).
findings indicate high prevalence of elevated BP among children of Mwanza region. There was an association between elevated BP and increased age, gender, sedentary lifestyle and obesity. Importance of measuring paediatric blood pressure and health information regarding effects of sedentary life is recommended to Tanzanians. Parents should encourage their children to have active physical activities. Moreover, health workers should implement programmes to modify sedentary lifestyle and prevent children from elevated blood pressure.
由于生活方式久坐不动，据报道，儿童高血压（HTN）的发病率正在上升。在发达国家，小儿高血压的患病率高达 21%，而坦桑尼亚的这一比例高达 11%。本研究旨在确定姆万扎地区儿童的血压状况和与血压升高相关的因素。
这是一项横断面研究，于 2019 年 6 月至 8 月期间在姆万扎地区选定的小学中纳入了 742 名年龄在 6 至 16 岁的儿童。数据是通过父母帮助儿童填写的自我管理的结构化问卷收集的。使用数字便携式血压计、自我校准数字称重秤和 Shorr 测量板分别测量血压、体重和身高。使用 EpiInfo 进行数据分析。
本研究发现，收缩压（SBP）和舒张压（DBP）的平均值分别为 109.2±8.1mmHg 和 62.3±7.2mmHg。高血压的患病率为 18.1%。其中，血压升高前期占 9.6%，高血压占 8.5%。年龄特异性高血压患病率在≥10 岁的儿童中明显更高（OR=1.9，95%CI：1.2-2.9，p=0.008）（21.4%），而在年龄较小的儿童中则较低（OR=1.5，95%CI：1.1-2.3，p=0.048）（15.1%）。在女孩（20.1%）中，高血压的患病率也高于男孩（16.0%）（OR=1.5，95%CI：1.1-2.3，p=0.048）。研究发现，高血压与肥胖（OR=3.5，95%CI：1.6-7.7，p<0.001）、超重（OR=1.9，95%CI：1.1-3.3，p=0.037）、食用油炸食品（OR=2.2，95%CI：1.1-4.4，p=0.023）、饮用含糖软饮料（OR=2.0，95%CI：1.2-3.5，p=0.002）和不吃水果（OR=13.4，1.6，95%CI：2.1-65.8，p 值<0.006）有关。
研究结果表明，姆万扎地区儿童高血压的患病率较高。高血压与年龄、性别、久坐不动的生活方式和肥胖有关。建议坦桑尼亚人测量小儿血压，并了解久坐不动生活方式的影响。父母应鼓励孩子积极参加体育活动。此外，卫生工作者应实施改变久坐不动的生活方式和预防儿童高血压的方案。
