Ji Ying, Wang Yanling, Sun Lei, Zhang Yan, Chang Chun
Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
Beijing Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
PLoS One. 2016 Jul 26;11(7):e0160025. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160025. eCollection 2016.
Migrants usually exhibit similar or better health outcomes than native-born populations despite facing socioeconomic disadvantages and barriers to healthcare use; this is known as the "migrant paradox." The migrant paradox among children is highly complex. This study explores whether the migrant paradox exists in the health of internal migrant children in China and the role of schools in reducing children's health disparities, using a multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method. Participants were 1,641 student and parent pairs from Grades 4, 5, and 6 of eight primary schools in Beijing. The following school types were included: state schools with migrant children comprising over 70% of total children (SMS), private schools with migrant children comprising over 70% (PMS), and state schools with permanent resident children comprising over 70% (SRS). Children were divided into Groups A, B, C or D by the type of school they attended (A and B were drawn from SRSs, C was from SMSs, and D was from PMSs) and whether they were in the migrant population (B, C, and D were, but A was not). Related information was collected through medical examination and questionnaires completed by parents and children. Prevalence of caries, overweight and obesity, poor vision, and self-reported incidence of colds and diarrhea in the previous month were explored as health outcomes. The results partially demonstrated the existence of the migrant paradox and verified the role of schools in lowering health disparities among children; there are theoretical and practical implications for improving the health of migrant children.
尽管面临社会经济劣势和医疗保健使用方面的障碍，但移民通常比本地出生人口表现出相似或更好的健康状况；这被称为“移民悖论”。儿童中的移民悖论非常复杂。本研究采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法，探讨中国流动儿童健康方面是否存在移民悖论以及学校在减少儿童健康差距方面的作用。研究对象为来自北京八所小学四、五、六年级的1641名学生及其家长。纳入了以下几种学校类型：流动儿童占总儿童人数70%以上的公立学校（SMS）、流动儿童占70%以上的私立学校（PMS）以及常住儿童占70%以上的公立学校（SRS）。根据儿童就读的学校类型（A和B来自SRS，C来自SMS，D来自PMS）以及他们是否属于流动人口（B、C和D属于，但A不属于），将儿童分为A、B、C或D组。通过体检以及家长和儿童填写的问卷收集相关信息。将龋齿、超重和肥胖、视力不佳以及前一个月自我报告的感冒和腹泻发病率作为健康指标进行探讨。研究结果部分证明了移民悖论的存在，并验证了学校在降低儿童健康差距方面的作用；这对于改善流动儿童的健康状况具有理论和实践意义。
