Schaan Violetta K, Vögele Claus
Research Unit INSIDE, Institute for Health and Behavior, University of Luxembourg, Campus Belval-Maison des Sciences Humaines 11, Porte des Sciences, L-4366, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2016 Nov;25(11):1267-1269. doi: 10.1007/s00787-016-0893-7. Epub 2016 Jul 26.
Increasing divorce rates leave more and more children to deal with the separation of their parents. Recent research suggests that children of divorced parents more often experience psychological and physical symptoms than children of non-divorced parents. The processes that mediate the relationship between parental divorce and ill-health, however, are still elusive. This study investigated the mediating role of psychological factors such as resilience and rejection sensitivity on the long-term consequences of parental divorce in young adults. One hundred and ninety-nine participants (mean age 22.3 years) completed an online survey, including measures of mental health, childhood trauma, resilience, and rejection sensitivity. Participants with divorced parents (33 %) reported increased levels of psychological symptoms, childhood trauma, rejection sensitivity, and lower levels of resilience. The association between parental divorce and mental health was fully mediated by resilience, rejection sensitivity, and childhood trauma. The mediation model explained up to 44 % of the total variance in mental health symptoms. Resilience and rejection sensitivity are crucial factors for successful coping with the experience of parental separation. Prevention programs that help to boost children's resilience might help to reduce the long-term effects of parental divorce on their attachment style (e.g., rejection sensitivity), thereby improving their mental health on the long run. Furthermore, the results call for parental awareness and counseling to target and reduce the observed increased level of childhood trauma. Limitations concern the cross-sectional and retrospective design of the study.
离婚率不断上升，使得越来越多的孩子不得不面对父母离异的状况。近期研究表明，父母离异家庭的孩子比父母未离异家庭的孩子更常出现心理和生理症状。然而，介导父母离异与健康不佳之间关系的过程仍不明确。本研究调查了心理因素（如心理韧性和拒绝敏感性）在父母离异对年轻人长期影响中的中介作用。199名参与者（平均年龄22.3岁）完成了一项在线调查，包括心理健康、童年创伤、心理韧性和拒绝敏感性的测量。父母离异的参与者（33%）报告称心理症状、童年创伤、拒绝敏感性水平升高，心理韧性水平降低。父母离异与心理健康之间的关联完全由心理韧性、拒绝敏感性和童年创伤介导。中介模型解释了心理健康症状总变异的44%。心理韧性和拒绝敏感性是成功应对父母离异经历的关键因素。有助于增强孩子心理韧性的预防项目可能有助于减少父母离异对其依恋风格（如拒绝敏感性）的长期影响，从而从长远来看改善他们的心理健康。此外，研究结果呼吁提高父母的意识并提供咨询，以针对并减少观察到的童年创伤增加水平。局限性在于该研究的横断面和回顾性设计。
