Coskun Ahmet F, Eser Umut, Islam Saiful
Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, California, USA.
Mol Biosyst. 2016 Oct 20;12(10):2965-79. doi: 10.1039/c6mb00388e. Epub 2016 Jul 27.
A single cell creates surprising heterogeneity in a multicellular organism. While every organismal cell shares almost an identical genome, molecular interactions in cells alter the use of DNA sequences to modulate the gene of interest for specialization of cellular functions. Each cell gains a unique identity through molecular coding across the DNA, RNA, and protein conversions. On the other hand, loss of cellular identity leads to critical diseases such as cancer. Most cell identity dissection studies are based on bulk molecular assays that mask differences in individual cells. To probe cell-to-cell variability in a population, we discuss single cell approaches to decode the genetic, epigenetic, transcriptional, and translational mechanisms for cell identity formation. In combination with molecular instructions, the physical principles behind cell identity determination are examined. Deciphering and reprogramming cellular types impact biology and medicine.
单个细胞在多细胞生物体中产生惊人的异质性。虽然每个生物体细胞几乎共享相同的基因组，但细胞内的分子相互作用会改变DNA序列的使用，以调节感兴趣的基因，实现细胞功能的特化。每个细胞通过DNA、RNA和蛋白质转化过程中的分子编码获得独特的身份。另一方面，细胞身份的丧失会导致诸如癌症等严重疾病。大多数细胞身份剖析研究基于掩盖单个细胞差异的大量分子分析。为了探究群体中细胞间的变异性，我们讨论单细胞方法，以解码细胞身份形成的遗传、表观遗传、转录和翻译机制。结合分子指令，研究细胞身份确定背后的物理原理。解读和重新编程细胞类型会对生物学和医学产生影响。
