McGrew William C
Division of Biological Anthropology, Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Fitzwilliam Street, Cambridge, CB2 1QH, UK.
Primates. 2017 Jan;58(1):237-258. doi: 10.1007/s10329-016-0554-y. Epub 2016 Jul 26.
Field studies done over decades of wild chimpanzees in East, Central and West Africa have yielded impressive, cumulative findings in cultural primatology. Japanese primatologists have been involved in this advance from the outset, over a wide variety of topics. Here I review the origins and development of field studies of Pan troglodytes, then assess their progress based on analogy between cultural primatology and cultural anthropology, through four stages: natural history, ethnography, ethnology, and intuition. Then, I focus on six topics that continue to yield informative debate: technology, universals, nuanced variation, archaeology, applied primatology, and ecology. Finally, I offer a map of sites of field study of wild chimpanzees. It is clear that Japanese primatologists have made a significant contribution to East-West scientific exchange, especially at the field sites of Bossou and Mahale.
数十年来，在东非、中非和西非对野生黑猩猩开展的实地研究在文化灵长类学领域取得了令人瞩目的、累积性的研究成果。日本灵长类学家从一开始就参与到这一进展中，涉及的主题广泛。在此，我回顾了黑猩猩实地研究的起源与发展，然后通过文化灵长类学与文化人类学之间的类比，分四个阶段评估其进展：自然史、民族志、民族学和直觉。接着，我聚焦于六个仍在引发有益辩论的主题：技术、普遍性、细微差异、考古学、应用灵长类学和生态学。最后，我提供了一份野生黑猩猩实地研究地点的地图。很明显，日本灵长类学家为东西方科学交流做出了重大贡献，尤其是在博苏和马哈勒的实地研究地点。
