Carnegie Mellon University.
Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh.
J Pers. 2017 Oct;85(5):675-686. doi: 10.1111/jopy.12270. Epub 2016 Aug 22.
The aim was to examine whether trait positive and negative affect (PA, NA) moderate the stress-buffering effect of perceived social support on risk for developing a cold subsequent to being exposed to a virus that causes mild upper respiratory illness.
Analyses were based on archival data from 694 healthy adults (M = 31.0 years, SD = 10.7 years; 49.0% female; 64.6% Caucasian). Perceived social support and perceived stress were assessed by self-report questionnaire and trait affect by aggregating responses to daily mood items administered by telephone interview across several days. Subsequently, participants were exposed to a virus that causes the common cold and monitored for 5 days for clinical illness (infection + objective signs of illness).
Two 3-way interactions emerged-Support × Stress × PA and Support × Stress × NA. The nature of these effects was such that among persons with high trait PA or low trait NA, greater social support attenuated the risk of developing a cold when under high but not low perceived stress; this stress-buffering effect did not emerge among persons with low trait PA or high trait NA.
Dispositional affect might be used to identify individuals who may be most responsive to social support and support-based interventions.
本研究旨在探讨特质正性和负性情绪（PA、NA）是否会调节知觉社会支持对因暴露于导致轻度上呼吸道感染的病毒而引发感冒风险的压力缓冲效应。
分析基于 694 名健康成年人的档案数据（M=31.0 岁，SD=10.7 岁；49.0%为女性；64.6%为白种人）。知觉社会支持和知觉压力通过自我报告问卷评估，特质情绪通过在几天内通过电话访谈汇总对日常情绪项目的反应来评估。随后，参与者暴露于导致普通感冒的病毒，并监测 5 天的临床疾病（感染+客观疾病迹象）。
出现了两个 3 -way 交互作用-支持×压力×PA 和支持×压力×NA。这些效应的性质是，在具有高特质 PA 或低特质 NA 的个体中，当处于高而非低知觉压力下时，较高的社会支持会降低患感冒的风险；而在具有低特质 PA 或高特质 NA 的个体中，并没有出现这种压力缓冲效应。
特质情绪可以用来识别最容易对社会支持和基于支持的干预措施产生反应的个体。
