Roberts Claire-Marie, Faull Andrea L, Tod David
Institute of Sport & Exercise Sciences, University of Worcester Worcester, UK.
School of Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University Liverpool, UK.
Front Psychol. 2016 Jul 13;7:1067. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01067. eCollection 2016.
Through the awareness-raising efforts of several high-profile current and former athletes, the issue of common mental disorders (CMD) in this population is gaining increasing attention from researchers and practitioners alike. Yet the prevalence is unclear and most likely, under-reported. Whilst the characteristics of the sporting environment may generate CMD within the athletic population, it also may exacerbate pre-existing conditions, and hence it is not surprising that sport psychology and sport science practitioners are anecdotally reporting increased incidences of athletes seeking support for CMD. In a population where there are many barriers to reporting and seeking help for CMD, due in part to the culture of the high performance sporting environment, anecdotal reports suggest that those athletes asking for help are approaching personnel who they are most comfortable talking to. In some cases, this may be a sport scientist, the sport psychologist or sport psychology consultant. Among personnel in the sporting domain, there is a perception that the sport psychologist or sport psychology consultant is best placed to assist athletes seeking assistance for CMD. However, sport psychology as a profession is split by two competing philosophical perspectives; one of which suggests that sport psychologists should work exclusively with athletes on performance enhancement, and the other views the athlete more holistically and accepts that their welfare may directly impact on their performance. To add further complication, the development of the profession of sport psychology varies widely between countries, meaning that practice in this field is not always clearly defined. This article examines case studies that illustrate the blurred lines in applied sport psychology practice, highlighting challenges with the process of referral in the U.K. athletic population. The article concludes with suggestions for ensuring the field of applied sport psychology is continually evolving and reconfiguring to ensure that it continues to meet the demands of its clients.
通过几位知名现役和退役运动员的宣传努力，这一人群中常见精神障碍（CMD）的问题越来越受到研究人员和从业者的关注。然而，其患病率尚不清楚，而且很可能被低估了。虽然体育环境的特点可能在运动员群体中引发常见精神障碍，但也可能使已有的病情加重，因此体育心理学和运动科学从业者传闻报告称，寻求常见精神障碍支持的运动员人数有所增加，这并不奇怪。在一个因部分高性能体育环境文化而存在诸多报告和寻求常见精神障碍帮助障碍的人群中，传闻报告表明，那些寻求帮助的运动员正在找他们最愿意与之交谈的人员。在某些情况下，可能是运动科学家、体育心理学家或运动心理学顾问。在体育领域的人员中，有一种看法认为，体育心理学家或运动心理学顾问最适合协助寻求常见精神障碍帮助的运动员。然而，体育心理学作为一个专业领域被两种相互竞争的哲学观点所分裂；其中一种观点认为，体育心理学家应专门与运动员合作提高成绩，另一种观点则更全面地看待运动员，并认为他们的幸福感可能直接影响其成绩。更复杂的是，体育心理学专业在不同国家的发展差异很大，这意味着该领域的实践并不总是有明确的定义。本文通过案例研究来说明应用体育心理学实践中的界限模糊，突出了英国运动员群体中转诊过程面临的挑战。文章最后提出了一些建议，以确保应用体育心理学领域不断发展和重新调整，以继续满足其客户的需求。
