van Ganzewinkel Christ-Jan, Been Jasper V, Dieleman Jeanne P, Katgert Titia, Boelen-van der Loo Tera, van der Pal Sylvia M, van Dijk Monique, Kramer Boris W, Andriessen Peter
Department of Pediatrics, division of Neonatology, Máxima Medical Center, De Run 4600, 5504, MB, Veldhoven, The Netherlands.
Department of Neonatology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Wytemaweg 80, 3015, CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center, P. Debyelaan 25, 6229, HX, Maastricht, The Netherlands; School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229, ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Early Hum Dev. 2016 Dec;103:27-32. doi: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2016.07.003. Epub 2016 Jul 26.
Data on long-term consequences of preterm birth on pain coping later in life are limited.
To assess whether gestational age, birth weight and neonatal disease severity have effect on pain coping style in adolescents born preterm or with low birth weight.
Observational, longitudinal study (Project On Preterm and SGA-infants, POPS-19).
We analyzed data of 537 adolescents at the age of 19 years, who were born at a gestational age <32 weeks or with a birth weight <1500g.
Participants completed the pain coping questionnaire (PCQ) that assesses pain coping strategies in three higher-order factors: approach ("to deal with pain"), problem-focused avoidance ("to disengage from pain") and emotion-focused avoidance ("expression of pain"). Furthermore, their pain coping effectiveness, pain controllability and emotional reactions to pain were assessed. All participants completed an IQ test.
Univariate analysis showed no significant correlation between length of stay, sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis and any of the higher-order factors. Approach was only correlated with IQ. Problem-focused avoidance was, in the multiple regression analysis (including gestational age, IVH and IQ), only correlated with IQ. For emotion-focused avoidance (including birth weight, SGA, IVH, respiratory support and IQ) three independent predictors remained: IVH was positively correlated, while respiratory support and IQ were negatively correlated with emotion-focused avoidance.
Early neonatal characteristics and neonatal disease severity have limited effect on pain coping style in adolescence. Higher IQ was associated with the use of adaptive coping strategies, while maladaptive strategies were used less.
关于早产对日后疼痛应对的长期影响的数据有限。
评估胎龄、出生体重和新生儿疾病严重程度对早产或低出生体重青少年疼痛应对方式是否有影响。
观察性纵向研究（早产和小于胎龄儿项目，POPS - 19）。
我们分析了537名19岁青少年的数据，他们出生时胎龄小于32周或出生体重小于1500克。
参与者完成疼痛应对问卷（PCQ），该问卷在三个高阶因素中评估疼痛应对策略：积极应对（“应对疼痛”）、以问题为中心的回避（“摆脱疼痛”）和以情绪为中心的回避（“疼痛表达”）。此外，还评估了他们的疼痛应对效果、疼痛可控性以及对疼痛的情绪反应。所有参与者都完成了一项智商测试。
单因素分析显示住院时间、败血症和坏死性小肠结肠炎与任何一个高阶因素之间均无显著相关性。积极应对仅与智商相关。在多元回归分析（包括胎龄、脑室内出血和智商）中，以问题为中心的回避仅与智商相关。对于以情绪为中心的回避（包括出生体重、小于胎龄儿状态、脑室内出血、呼吸支持和智商），仍有三个独立预测因素：脑室内出血呈正相关，而呼吸支持和智商与以情绪为中心的回避呈负相关。
早期新生儿特征和新生儿疾病严重程度对青少年疼痛应对方式的影响有限。较高的智商与使用适应性应对策略相关，而较少使用适应不良策略。
