Adu Dwomoa, Okyere Perditer, Boima Vincent, Matekole Michael, Osafo Charlotte
Clin Nephrol. 2016;86 (2016)(13):48-52. doi: 10.5414/CNP86S121.
We review recent published data on demographics, causes, diagnoses, treatment, and outcome of acute kidney injury (AKI) in Africa.
A review of the incidence, etiology, diagnoses, and treatment of AKI in adults in Africa from studies published between the years 2000 and 2015.
The incidence of AKI in hospitalized patients in Africa ranges from 0.3 to 1.9% in adults. Between 70 and 90% of cases of AKI are community acquired. Most patients with AKI are young with a weighted mean age of 41.3 standard deviation (SD) 9.3 years, and a male to female ratio of 1.2 : 1.0. Medical causes account for between 65 and 80% of causes of AKI. This is followed by obstetric causes in 5 - 27% of cases and surgical causes in 2 - 24% of cases. In the reported studies, between 17 and 94% of patients who needed dialysis received this. The mortality of AKI in adults in Africa ranged from 11.5 to 43.5%.
Most reported cases of AKI in Africa originate in the community. The low incidence of hospital-acquired AKI is likely to be due to under ascertainment. Most patients with AKI in Africa are young and have a single precipitating cause. Prominent among these are infection, pregnancy complications and nephrotoxins. Early treatment can improve clinical outcomes.
我们回顾了近期发表的关于非洲急性肾损伤（AKI）的人口统计学、病因、诊断、治疗及预后的数据。
对2000年至2015年间发表的关于非洲成年人AKI发病率、病因、诊断及治疗的研究进行综述。
非洲住院患者中成人AKI的发病率为0.3%至1.9%。70%至90%的AKI病例为社区获得性。大多数AKI患者较为年轻，加权平均年龄为41.3岁，标准差为9.3岁，男女比例为1.2∶1.0。医学原因占AKI病因的65%至80%。其次是产科原因，占病例的5%至27%，外科原因占2%至24%。在报告的研究中，需要透析的患者中有17%至94%接受了透析。非洲成年人AKI的死亡率为11.5%至43.5%。
非洲报告的大多数AKI病例起源于社区。医院获得性AKI发病率低可能是由于诊断不足。非洲大多数AKI患者较为年轻，且有单一的促发因素。其中突出的因素包括感染、妊娠并发症和肾毒素。早期治疗可改善临床预后。
