Frankenfeld Cara L
Department of Global and Community Health, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA.
Mol Nutr Food Res. 2017 Jan;61(1). doi: 10.1002/mnfr.201500900. Epub 2016 Aug 30.
Recent evidence supports that the gut microbial community, independently and/or interactively with dietary intake, is a target for reducing cardiovascular disease risk through its effects on cardiometabolic risk factors. Dietary phytoestrogens may be a source for interactive effects. Phytoestrogens, such as isoflavones, lignans, and flavonoids, are compounds found in plants that have estrogenic or antiestrogenic activities, as well as antioxidant, antiproliferative, or apoptotic actions. Given these physiological activities, phytoestrogens may have a role in cardiometabolic health. Some phytoestrogens consumed in the diet undergo biotransformation through gut bacterial metabolism to other compounds that may exhibit similar or different physiological activity than the parent compound. There is interindividual variability in the capability to metabolize phytoestrogens to their metabolites, and there is a resulting phenotype that can be evaluated based on urinary metabolite excretion. Evidence suggests that phytoestrogen metabolites and/or phenotypes are associated with cardiometabolic risk factors, such as blood pressure, abdominal obesity, and serum lipids, triglycerides, glucose, and inflammatory markers. The objective of this review was to provide an overview of the observed associations between gut microbial phytoestrogen metabolites and metabolite phenotypes with cardiometabolic risk factors, with focus on the more extensively studied isoflavone metabolites.
最近的证据支持，肠道微生物群落独立地和/或与饮食摄入相互作用，通过其对心脏代谢危险因素的影响，是降低心血管疾病风险的一个靶点。膳食植物雌激素可能是产生相互作用的一个来源。植物雌激素，如异黄酮、木脂素和黄酮类化合物，是植物中发现的具有雌激素或抗雌激素活性以及抗氧化、抗增殖或凋亡作用的化合物。鉴于这些生理活性，植物雌激素可能在心脏代谢健康中发挥作用。饮食中摄入的一些植物雌激素通过肠道细菌代谢进行生物转化，成为可能表现出与母体化合物相似或不同生理活性的其他化合物。个体间将植物雌激素代谢为其代谢产物的能力存在差异，并且由此产生的表型可以基于尿液代谢产物排泄来评估。有证据表明，植物雌激素代谢产物和/或表型与心脏代谢危险因素相关，如血压、腹部肥胖以及血清脂质、甘油三酯、葡萄糖和炎症标志物。本综述的目的是概述观察到的肠道微生物植物雌激素代谢产物和代谢产物表型与心脏代谢危险因素之间的关联，重点关注研究更为广泛的异黄酮代谢产物。
