Mlinac Michelle E, Feng Michelle C
VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
Executive Mental Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Arch Clin Neuropsychol. 2016 Sep;31(6):506-16. doi: 10.1093/arclin/acw049. Epub 2016 Jul 29.
Activities of daily living (ADL) comprise the basic actions that involve caring for one's self and body, including personal care, mobility, and eating. In this review article, we (1) review useful clinical tools including a discussion on ways to approach ADL assessment across settings, (2) highlight relevant literature evaluating the relationship between cognitive functioning and ADLs, (3) discuss other biopsychosocial factors affecting ADL performance, (4) provide clinical recommendations for enhancing ADL capacity with an emphasis on self-care tasks (eating, grooming, dressing, bathing and toileting), and (5) identify interventions that treatment providers can implement to reduce the burden of ADL care.
日常生活活动（ADL）包括涉及自我照料和身体护理的基本行为，包括个人护理、活动能力和进食。在这篇综述文章中，我们（1）回顾有用的临床工具，包括讨论在不同环境中进行ADL评估的方法；（2）强调评估认知功能与ADL之间关系的相关文献；（3）讨论影响ADL表现的其他生物心理社会因素；（4）提供增强ADL能力的临床建议，重点是自我护理任务（进食、修饰、穿衣、洗澡和如厕）；（5）确定治疗提供者可以实施的干预措施，以减轻ADL护理负担。
