Shao Wanchen, Dong Juan
Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers the State University of New Jersey, NJ 08901, USA.
Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers the State University of New Jersey, NJ 08901, USA; Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers the State University of New Jersey, NJ 08854, USA.
Dev Biol. 2016 Nov 1;419(1):121-131. doi: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2016.07.020. Epub 2016 Jul 28.
Asymmetric cell division (ACD) is universally required for the development of multicellular organisms. Unlike animal cells, plant cells have a rigid cellulosic extracellular matrix, the cell wall, which provides physical support and forms communication routes. This fundamental difference leads to some unique mechanisms in plants for generating asymmetries during cell division. However, plants also utilize intrinsically polarized proteins to regulate asymmetric signaling and cell division, a strategy similar to the differentiation mechanism found in animals. Current progress suggests that common regulatory modes, i.e. protein spontaneous clustering and cytoskeleton reorganization, underlie protein polarization in both animal and plant cells. Despite these commonalities, it is important to note that intrinsic mechanisms in plants are heavily influenced by extrinsic cues. To control physical asymmetry in cell division, although our understanding is fragmentary thus far, plants might have evolved novel polarization strategies to orientate cell division plane. Recent studies also suggest that the phytohormone auxin, one of the most pivotal small molecules in plant development, regulates ACD in plants.
不对称细胞分裂（ACD）是多细胞生物体发育普遍需要的过程。与动物细胞不同，植物细胞具有坚硬的纤维素细胞外基质——细胞壁，它提供物理支撑并形成通讯途径。这种根本差异导致植物在细胞分裂过程中产生不对称性的一些独特机制。然而，植物也利用内在极化蛋白来调节不对称信号传导和细胞分裂，这一策略类似于动物中发现的分化机制。目前的研究进展表明，动物和植物细胞中蛋白质极化的基础是共同的调节模式，即蛋白质自发聚集和细胞骨架重组。尽管存在这些共性，但需要注意的是，植物的内在机制受到外在线索的严重影响。为了控制细胞分裂中的物理不对称性，尽管目前我们的了解还不完整，但植物可能已经进化出了新的极化策略来确定细胞分裂平面的方向。最近的研究还表明，植物激素生长素是植物发育中最关键的小分子之一，它在植物中调节不对称细胞分裂。
