Ontiveros N, Valdez-Meza E E, Vergara-Jiménez M J, Canizalez-Román A, Borzutzky A, Cabrera-Chávez F
Regional Program for PhD in Biotechnology, FCQB, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Sinaloa 80019, Mexico.
Nutrition Sciences Academic Unit, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Sinaloa 80019, Mexico.
Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2016 Nov-Dec;44(6):563-570. doi: 10.1016/j.aller.2016.03.003. Epub 2016 Jul 27.
Food allergy (FA) prevalence is well documented in developed countries and appears to be increasing, but remains unknown in most Latin American countries. We aimed to evaluate on a population basis the parent-reported prevalence of FA and its clinical characteristics in Mexican schoolchildren.
A validated Spanish version of a structured written questionnaire was administered to parents of schoolchildren aged 5-13 years old from Culiacan, Mexico.
A total of 1049 parents responded to the survey (response rate, 84%). The estimated prevalence rates (95% CI) were: adverse food reactions 10.0% (8.3-11.9), "perceived FA, ever" 5.5% (4.3-7.0), "physician-diagnosed FA, ever" 4.9% (3.7-6.3), "immediate-type FA, ever" 4.4% (3.3-5.8), "immediate-type FA, current" 3.5% (2.6-4.8), and anaphylaxis 1.2% (0.72-2.1). Immediate hypersensitivity reactions were mainly triggered by the consumption of shrimp (1.3%), other shellfish (0.7%), strawberry (0.6%), chocolate (0.5%), and egg (0.4%). Schoolchildren with "immediate-type FA, current" had more atopic dermatitis and allergic rhinitis (p<0.05), but not asthma or drug allergy (p>0.05) than children without FA. All cases of anaphylaxis sought medical attention, but only one child had physician-diagnosed anaphylaxis and was advised to acquire an epinephrine autoinjector.
The prevalence of "immediate-type FA, current" to any food is 3.5% in Mexican schoolchildren. The poor recognition of anaphylaxis and the low frequency of prescription of epinephrine autoinjectors suggest that acute food-induced allergic reactions are not optimally managed in Mexico.
食物过敏（FA）在发达国家的患病率已有充分记录且呈上升趋势，但在大多数拉丁美洲国家仍不清楚。我们旨在基于人群评估墨西哥学童中家长报告的食物过敏患病率及其临床特征。
对来自墨西哥库利亚坎的5至13岁学童的家长进行了一份经过验证的西班牙语结构化书面问卷。
共有1049名家长回复了调查（回复率84%）。估计患病率（95%置信区间）为：食物不良反应10.0%（8.3 - 11.9），“曾被认为有食物过敏”5.5%（4.3 - 7.0），“曾被医生诊断为食物过敏”4.9%（3.7 - 6.3），“曾有速发型食物过敏”4.4%（3.3 - 5.8），“当前有速发型食物过敏”3.5%（2.6 - 4.8），以及过敏反应1.2%（0.72 - 2.1）。速发型过敏反应主要由食用虾（1.3%）、其他贝类（0.7%）、草莓（0.6%）、巧克力（0.5%）和鸡蛋（0.4%）引发。与无食物过敏的儿童相比，“当前有速发型食物过敏”的学童有更多的特应性皮炎和过敏性鼻炎（p<0.05），但哮喘或药物过敏情况无差异（p>0.05）。所有过敏反应病例均寻求了医疗救治，但只有一名儿童被医生诊断为过敏反应，并被建议配备肾上腺素自动注射器。
墨西哥学童中“当前有速发型食物过敏”的患病率为3.5%。对过敏反应的认知不足以及肾上腺素自动注射器的处方频率较低表明，墨西哥对急性食物诱导的过敏反应管理欠佳。
